Dual application of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Protein-rich animal feed and biological extraction agent for polyhydroxybutyrate

Abstract

Aims:The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of rearing substrates on the nutritional content of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) by incorporating Cupriavidus necator cells containing intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in BSFL diet to further increase the protein content and simultaneously to biologically extract the polymer by utilizing the digestive system of BSFL. The potential application of BSFL as a biological PHB extraction agent was determined. Methodology and results: Two feeding strategies consists of a mixture of protein (P) to carbohydrate (C) with a ratio of P50:C50 food waste (control feeding) and feed with bacterial cells (modified feeding). A comparison on the proximate analysis between this research and two commercially available products were conducted. Feeding BSFL with P50:C50 food waste revealed the highest crude protein content of 81.3 ± 0.2%. Additional bacteria cells in the BSFL diet, however, showed a negligible decrease in crude protein content of 0.67% as compared to the control feeding. Howbeit, this results comparably higher in contrast to the commercial products, with increment of crude protein content by 12.1% and 40.8%, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Two desirable products were obtained from the feeding with cells: (1) high protein content of BSFL and (2) biologically extracted polymer. This is the first study to demonstrate the utilization of BSFL as a biological extraction agent to partially extract biopolymer and increase the protein content by feeding with cells.

Methods of Analyses for Biodegradable Polymers: A Review

“…In the foreseeable future, the effective production of polymers exhibiting improved properties at reduced costs may become more crucial for realizing a sustainable society. Various initiatives have been proposed to lower the manufacturing costs of biopoly-mers, among which is a method based on utilizing industrial by-products such as molasses, waste glycerol, and banana frond extract [33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Effects of straw addition on the physicochemical and microbial features of black soldier fly larvae frass derived from fish meat and bone meal

“…Zhang et al, 2020), food waste (Ma et al, 2022) and agricultural residues (Elsayed et al, 2022). BSFL are able to achieve waste reduction, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to obtain highly nutritious larval biomass and frass (Mertenat et al, 2019; Mohamad et al, 2021).…”

Recent Developments in Biological Processing Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment—A Review

“…Previously, the objective of treating the palm oil mill waste was largely for the purpose of complying with government regulations, but the awareness of needing to protect the environment has now been raised among individuals, organizations, and governments. The utilization of various industrial wastes for the production of other value-added products via biological processing is deemed practical and has been widely applied by many researchers [9][10][11][12][13][14]. This is because those wastes have the potential to be utilized due to degradable organic compounds, whereby a net positive energy gain could be achieved with a proper utilization strategy [15].…”