Daytime passive radiative cooling is an effective way
to reduce
energy consumption for building cooling. However, overcooling might
occur in radiative cooling at low-temperature which presents limitations
in thermal management. Herein, a new SiO2/poly(vinyl alcohol)
composite aerogel with nanomicro–multistage porous structure
for thermal insulation and radiative cooling was fabricated by a non-solvent-assisted
freeze-drying strategy. In the fabrication process, the nonsolvent
(acetone) for poly(vinyl alcohol) was utilized to control the proportion
and size of the macro-porous structure inside the SiO2/poly(vinyl
alcohol) composite aerogel, making the thermal conductivity of the
aerogel decreased to 0.0390 W/mK while spontaneously increasing its
solar reflectance and infrared (8–13 μm) emissivity to
93.70% and 98.19%, respectively. The composite aerogel achieved sub-ambient
cooling of up to 14.1 °C during the day and above-ambient warming
of 3.8 °C at night, avoiding nighttime overcooling. The SiO2/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogel demonstrates adaptive
thermal management compared to commercial insulation materials, making
it suitable for intelligent thermal management of energy-saving buildings.