Dual-Axis Closed Loop of a Single-Beam Atomic Magnetometer: Toward High Bandwidth and High Sensitivity

Tang, Junjian; Zhai, Yueyang; Zhou, Binquan; Han, Bangcheng; Liu, Gang

doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3112797

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…With operating parameters same as above simulation conditions, the bandwidths of triaxial magnetic detection are 92 Hz, 92 Hz, and 100 Hz, as Figure 7 shows. According to our previous research [14,25,26], highfrequency and large amplitude modulated magnetic field would bring about high bandwidth of the zero-field OPM. Thus, we set transverse rotationally modulated magnetic field at 6 kHz, with 2000 nT pp amplitude, and longitudinal modulated magnetic field at 9 kHz, with the same 2000 nT pp amplitude.…”

Section: Closed-loop Operationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Conventionally, only one transverse axis is modulated, in which way only magnetic field measurement of the modulated axis is achieved [10,30]. For dual-axis measurement, using the transverse rotationally modulated magnetic field results in the output signal being orthogonally demodulated to obtain the inphase and out-of-phase terms, realizing the simultaneous measurement of both transverse directions [26,31,32]. According to Ref.…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ref. [26], the response of P z with dual-axis measurement containing both information about B x0 and B y0 is…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems mentioned above can be mitigated through closed-loop mode of the magnetometer. For current zero-field OPMs with pumpprobe, dual-pump/probe scheme, or single-beam configuration, researchers have proposed closed-loop operation methods, which have been verified by experiment [11,14,24,25,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triaxial closed-loop measurement based on a single-beam zero-field optically pumped magnetometer

et al. 2022

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In this study, we propose an approach for the simultaneous measurement of triaxial magnetic fields using a single-beam zero-field optically pumped atomic magnetometer, in which a rotational high-frequency (ω1) and another high-frequency (ω2) modulated magnetic field magnetic fields are applied along the transverse directions and the longitudinal direction, respectively. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experiments are conducted to demonstrate this method. Experimental sensitivities of 18 fT/Hz1/2 along the two transverse directions and 140 fT/Hz1/2 along the longitudinal direction are simultaneously achieved. On this basis, we operate the magnetometer in closed-loop mode to expand the bandwidth and dynamic range, and to keep the triaxial magnetic field sensed by the magnetometer at zero. The triaxial bandwidths are increased from below 100 Hz to over 1.6 kHz. The triaxial dynamic ranges are all extended to ±150 nT. Plus, we verify the ±1,000 nT dynamic range of the triaxial magnetometer through increasing the triaxial coil constants. The synchronization of triaxial closed-loop measurement, simplicity of magnetometer structure, and closed-loop detection with high sensitivities make it applicable and attractive for biomagnetism imaging in challenging environments.

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Section: Closed-loop Operationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ref. [26], the response of P z with dual-axis measurement containing both information about B x0 and B y0 is…”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Triaxial closed-loop measurement based on a single-beam zero-field optically pumped magnetometer

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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“…With the rapid development of microfabrication technology [86] and optical circuit integration, [58] the performance of optically pumped atomic magnetometers, which includes sensitivity, dynamic range, bandwidth, and multichannel capability, has made significant progress. [87][88][89] The SERF atomic magnetometer, breaking through the limitation of spin exchange collision relaxation, [90][91][92] is a new type of optically pumped atomic magnetometer with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 0.16 fT Hz −1/2 in a gradiometer arrangement. [93] In 2002, Romalis et al used high atomic number density and an extremely low environmental magnetic field to reduce the effect of spin exchange relaxation for the first time.…”

Section: The Principle Of Serf Atomic Magnetometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

Bao

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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The accurate detection of very weak biomagnetic signals with a sensitivity of fT levels and mapping nanoscale magnetic field variations are two of the most significant challenges for biosensing. Compared to the limited sensitivity and spatial resolution of traditional magnetic field sensors, quantum‐based magnetic field sensors are emerging as a promising solution. In this review, the latest developments of three representative quantum‐based magnetic field sensors, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometers, and nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, are summarized. Both virtues and limitations of these sensors are analyzed systematically, and typical applications in magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, detection of neuronal action potentials, magnetic imaging of living cells, biomedical diagnosis, etc., are presented. Furthermore, SQUIDs combined with microfluidics for magnetic immunoassay diagnostics, the chip‐scale SERF atomic magnetometers fabricated by microelectromechanical systems that offer wearable flexibility, and nanodiamonds functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity of nanothermometers are discussed.

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Suppression of Quantum Sensor Noise using Kalman Filter for Improved Sensitivity of Single‐Beam Atomic Magnetometers

Lei,

Yuan,

Yue

et al. 2024

Adv Quantum Tech

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Single‐beam atomic magnetometers herald a new era of high‐precision magnetic field sensing, with applications spanning fundamental physics to biomagnetism. Nevertheless, their utility is often curtailed by quantum sensor noise, encompassing both technical and quantum‐mechanical noise. This research delves into the potential of the Kalman filter as a tool to subdue quantum sensor noise, thereby augmenting the sensitivity of single‐beam atomic magnetometers. Quantum‐mechanical noise is integrated into the system model as the process noise and measurement noise, and a discrete Kalman filter equipped with a time delay variable is employed. The findings reveal that the time delay variable significantly influences temporal signal tracing, while the discrete Kalman filter enhances sensitivity performance in frequency domain analysis, bypassing the typical sensitivity and time resolution trade‐off encountered in coherent sensing strategies. Partial‐knowledge signal scenarios are also taken into account, wherein a polynomial model is proposed to expansively render the discrete Kalman filter more relevant and adaptable to real‐world situations. Collectively, through experimentation involving sine‐like, non‐Gaussian, and medical magnetocardiography (MCG) signals, our results underscore the promising potential of the Kalman filter in enhancing the sensitivity of atomic magnetometers for practical sensing applications.

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Dual-Axis Closed Loop of a Single-Beam Atomic Magnetometer: Toward High Bandwidth and High Sensitivity

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Triaxial closed-loop measurement based on a single-beam zero-field optically pumped magnetometer

Triaxial closed-loop measurement based on a single-beam zero-field optically pumped magnetometer

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

Suppression of Quantum Sensor Noise using Kalman Filter for Improved Sensitivity of Single‐Beam Atomic Magnetometers

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