Dual-Band/Dual-Mode Rat-Race/Branch-Line Coupler Using Split Ring Resonators

Ghaffarian, Mohammad Saeid; Moradi, Gholamreza; Khajehpour, Somayyeh; Honari, Mohammad Mahdi; Mirzavand, Rashid

doi:10.3390/electronics10151812

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The structure demonstrate high degree of miniaturization with a 90% size reduction compared to some previous designs. The work in [53] proposed a novel structure that acts as dual-band BLC at lower frequency band of 3.3 and 3.85GHz and acts as a 180 • ratrace coupler at a higher frequency band of 5.3GHz. the novel structure is implemented using open split ring resonators based ATL.…”

Section: ) Single-band Blcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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Beamforming networks for multiple beam antennas are believed to be in the vanguard of technological developments in mmWave for 5G wireless applications. The basic idea of beamforming technique is the application of multiple antenna elements radiating the same signal at an identical phase and wavelength, into one strong signal pointed to a specific direction. For low cost and power consumption, radio frequency beamforming networks (RF-BFNs) such as Blass matrices, Butler matrices, and Nolen matrices will play a critical role in achieving the ever-increasing demands in wireless technology. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive survey and developments of RF-BFNs with (particular focus in Butler matrices). From the fundamental perspectives of the beamforming techniques and progress over time, component evolution includes branch-line coupler (BLC), Phase shifter (PS), and Crossovers to complete system Butler matrix (BM) integration. Different design techniques to improve bandwidth, size reduction, multi-band, and other performance characteristics are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the paper also discusses different geometry of Butler matrices in open microstrip transmission lines, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and gap waveguide (GWG) technologies highlighting key developments and research challenges from single band to dual-band operations. We expect this paper to provide more profound insights into the designs processes and suggest suitable ways to facilitate further developments of RF-beamforming networks at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency ranges.INDEX TERMS Beamforming networks (BFNs), Butler matrix (BM), fifth-generation (5G), metamaterial (MTM), millimetre-waves (mmWave), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), gap waveguide (GWG), ridge gap waveguide (RGW), groove gap waveguide (GGW).

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Section: ) Single-band Blcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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“…A compact size was achieved in the designed coupler in [12], using coupler resonators in the structure of the conventional coupler. In addition, other types of resonators, such as spiral ring resonators [13], half-wave resonator [14], split ring resonators [15][16][17] and metamaterial resonators [18] have been used to improve the QHCs performances. Different kinds of resonators have also been applied in other microwave devices like diplexers [19][20][21], filters [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], sensors [30,31] and dividers to provide compact size, harmonics suppression and performance improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Microwave Quadrature Hybrid Coupler Using Capacitive Composite Lines and Meandered Stubs

Roshani,

Yahya,

Assaad

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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In this paper, a new structure of the quadrature hybrid coupler (QHC) with compact size is proposed using capacitive composite lines and meandered open stubs. The proposed coupler works at 1.6 GHz with a 0.4 GHz bandwidth, which shows 25% fractional bandwidth (FBW). The proposed QHC occupies only 15 mm × 15 mm (0.12 λ × 0.12 λ), while the typical QHC size is 32 mm × 32 mm (0.25 λ × 25 λ) at the same working frequency. In the designed structure, two symmetric meandered stubs and two symmetric π-shaped composite networks including capacitors and microstrip lines are applied together. The designed QHC has a small size and occupies only 22% of the area of the conventional QHC, resulting in a 78% size reduction. The designed prototype has been analyzed, fabricated and tested, and the experimental results verify the simulated and analysis results. The results show a better than 27 dB return loss, more than 28 dB isolation between the output ports and less than 0.4 dB insertion loss at the working frequency of 1600 MHz. With the achieved desirable specifications, the fabricated QHC is a suitable choice for wireless microwave applications.

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“…Passive wireless sensors are a core technology in many fields, such as the Internet of Things [24,25], smart cities [26], and smart healthcare [22,23,27]. Many designs in wireless sensing systems utilize a branch coupler for both outputs, which can be used to ensure that the strength of the two signals is equal [20,28,29]. With the evolution of a large number of sensors, a complex environment full of signal scattering interference has been created.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

Chung

Lin

2022

Electronics

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In this paper, a single-band beam control antenna is designed with a parallel coupler to realize a microstrip patch antenna passive wireless sensor in the form of a chip. It has a phase shift characteristic of the antenna radiation direction in the positive and negative directions. The antenna includes an orthogonal direction coupler design with a 90° parallel coupler in phase using a special structure that allows the whole chip area to be miniaturized while allowing the main beam angle to have a directivity function. The coupler is designed for the 28 GHz millimeter wave band. After feeding the patch antenna at the output port of the coupler and simultaneously feeding the excitation at the input port, the beam phase changes to +45° and +135° with a phase difference of 90°. The designed antenna size is 1160 μm × 790 m, and the overall IC size is 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm. The power density simulation shows that the maximum power density is only 0.00797 W/kg for a 1 human sampling area, which means that the antenna sensor is suitable for use on human surfaces.

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Dual-Band/Dual-Mode Rat-Race/Branch-Line Coupler Using Split Ring Resonators

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

A Compact Microwave Quadrature Hybrid Coupler Using Capacitive Composite Lines and Meandered Stubs

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

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