Dual Battery Storage System: An Optimized Strategy for the Utilization of Renewable Photovoltaic Energy in the United Kingdom

Abstract

The increasing world human population has given rise to the current energy crisis and impending global warming. To meet the international environmental obligations, alternative technological advances have been made to harvest clean and renewable energy. The solar photovoltaics (PV) system is a relatively new concept of clean technology that can be employed as an autonomous power source for a range of off-grid applications. In this study, the dual battery storage system is coupled with a solar PV system and a low voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) policy. The main outcomes of this study are: (I) A novel dual battery storage system for the optimal use of the PV system/energy is proposed; (II) The problem is formulated in the form of a mathematical model, and a cost function is devised for effective cost calculation; (III) An optimal cost analysis is presented for the effective use of PV energy; (IV) real-time data of a solar PV taken from the owner and the demand profile collected from the user is applied to the proposed approach, with United Kingdom (UK) tariff incentives. This system works in a loop by charging one system from the solar PV for one day, and discharging the other system. This model gives certainty that power is exported to the grid when the solar PV generates an excess amount; batteries are utilized during the peak hours, and power is purchased when the demand is not met by the batteries, or when the demand is higher than the generation. This study examined the economic knowledge of solar PV and battery storage systems by considering the FIT incentives.

A Novel Three-Switch Z-Source SEPIC Inverter

“…The inductor, Lf, is magnetized by input voltage in V , and capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are discharged. Equations (3) and (4) show the expression of mode II. In mode III, switches S2 and S3 are turned on while switch S1 is turned off, as depicted in Figure 2c.…”

“…At present, with the consumption of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, people are increasingly persistent in the development of renewable distributed energy generation systems such as photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), and so on [1][2][3][4][5]. Among them, photovoltaic power generation, which is used to convert solar energy into electricity, is the most widely applied [6][7][8].…”

Evaluating the Effect of Financing Costs on PV Grid Parity by Applying a Probabilistic Methodology

“…The IRR results for the 50 kW business case are shown graphically in Figure 13. A success rate parameter (%) is introduced by counting the number of iteration results below the retail cost of the electricity and dividing by the total number of iterations (10,000 Frequency IRR Figure 13. Histogram of the IRR calculated with the Monte Carlo method for a 50 kW system.…”

“…This is most advantageous compared to the current fluctuating economy [7]. In addition, the inclusion of batteries can improve the profitability of grid-connected PV installations if the tariff policy allows optimising revenues by managing the charge and discharge of the batteries [8][9][10][11]. In the case of Spain, since the introduction of the FiT in 2007 [12], rising financial matters and the ever-changing energy policies have caused unreliability within the sector, hence causing Spain to revoke its FiT in 2012 [4].…”

A Real-Time Bi-Adaptive Controller-Based Energy Management System for Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…The transportation sector plays a key role in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, triggering global warming with limited fossil fuel resources and price fluctuations, which leads to the need for investigating an alternate energy source [1,2]. Therefore, attention has shifted to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) [3].…”