Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a crucial endogenous
gasotransmitter,
plays a significant role in monitoring pathological and physiological
processes as well as in the realm of food safety control. The detection
of H2S poses numerous challenges due to the complexity
of biological fluids and food samples and the high demands for biocompatible
probe molecules. To address these challenges, we have developed an
innovative silica nanoparticle-based Förster resonance energy
transfer (FRET) system with pyrene (Py) and pyronine (Pyr) embedded
as energy donors and acceptors (Pyr@Py-SiO2 NPs). This
system not only enhances the biocompatibility of fluorescent probes
but also effectively mitigates interference from complex samples in
the detection of endogenous H2S through its dual-mode FRET
response. Our study reveals that pyrene and pyronine units embedded
within the silica nanoparticles facilitate efficient energy transfer,
enabling both colorimetric and ratiometric dual-mode optical detection
of H2S. This approach is highly sensitive (detection limit
of 71.5 nM), rapid (response time of ≤10 s), and uninfluenced
by common anions and biological thiols. Moreover, we have successfully
applied this system to the detection of H2S in various
practical scenarios, including human urine, onion slices, and food
spoilage. This work provides an effective and practical method for
monitoring H2S in complex biological systems and real-world
food samples.