“…It might hence be challenging for these schemes to fulfil the stringent requirements with respect to robustness, size, weight and power consumption that are associated with many technically relevant applications. In addition, only few publications explicitly 6 , 12 address the optical loss tolerance of comb-based ranging systems, which is a key performance metric in many ranging applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The data evaluation scheme exploits the concept of synthetic-wavelength interferometry and is described in more detail in Refs. 7 , 12 . Figure 1 Application scenario and technical concept of an ultrafast chip-scale LiDAR system.…”
Laser-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is key to many applications in science and industry. For many use cases, compactness and power efficiency are key, especially in high-volume applications such as industrial sensing, navigation of autonomous objects, or digitization of 3D scenes using hand-held devices. In this context, comb-based ranging systems are of particular interest, combining high accuracy with high measurement speed. However, the technical complexity of miniaturized comb sources is still prohibitive for many applications, in particular when high optical output powers and high efficiency are required. Here we show that quantum-dash mode-locked laser diodes (QD-MLLD) offer a particularly attractive route towards high-performance chip-scale ranging systems. QD-MLLDs are compact, can be easily operated by a simple DC drive current, and provide spectrally flat frequency combs with bandwidths in excess of 2 THz, thus lending themselves to coherent dual-comb ranging. In our experiments, we show measurement rates of up to 500 MHz—the highest rate demonstrated with any ranging system so far. We attain reliable measurement results with optical return powers of only – 40 dBm, corresponding to a total loss of 49 dB in the ranging path, which corresponds to the highest loss tolerance demonstrated so far for dual-comb ranging with chip-scale comb sources. Combing QD-MLLDs with advanced silicon photonic receivers offers an attractive route towards robust and technically simple chip-scale LiDAR systems.
“…It might hence be challenging for these schemes to fulfil the stringent requirements with respect to robustness, size, weight and power consumption that are associated with many technically relevant applications. In addition, only few publications explicitly 6 , 12 address the optical loss tolerance of comb-based ranging systems, which is a key performance metric in many ranging applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The data evaluation scheme exploits the concept of synthetic-wavelength interferometry and is described in more detail in Refs. 7 , 12 . Figure 1 Application scenario and technical concept of an ultrafast chip-scale LiDAR system.…”
Laser-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is key to many applications in science and industry. For many use cases, compactness and power efficiency are key, especially in high-volume applications such as industrial sensing, navigation of autonomous objects, or digitization of 3D scenes using hand-held devices. In this context, comb-based ranging systems are of particular interest, combining high accuracy with high measurement speed. However, the technical complexity of miniaturized comb sources is still prohibitive for many applications, in particular when high optical output powers and high efficiency are required. Here we show that quantum-dash mode-locked laser diodes (QD-MLLD) offer a particularly attractive route towards high-performance chip-scale ranging systems. QD-MLLDs are compact, can be easily operated by a simple DC drive current, and provide spectrally flat frequency combs with bandwidths in excess of 2 THz, thus lending themselves to coherent dual-comb ranging. In our experiments, we show measurement rates of up to 500 MHz—the highest rate demonstrated with any ranging system so far. We attain reliable measurement results with optical return powers of only – 40 dBm, corresponding to a total loss of 49 dB in the ranging path, which corresponds to the highest loss tolerance demonstrated so far for dual-comb ranging with chip-scale comb sources. Combing QD-MLLDs with advanced silicon photonic receivers offers an attractive route towards robust and technically simple chip-scale LiDAR systems.
“…The absolute ranging capability based on OFCs can be further improved by adopting a dual-comb configuration [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The principle is similar to the linear optical sampling (LOS) used in optical telecommunication systems [ 34 , 35 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The repetition rate gap [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] between the two mode-locked lasers has an impact on the fringe density of interferometric beat notes, thus affecting the ranging precision indirectly [ 24 ]. The center wavelength of the overlapping part of the spectra of the two optical frequency combs indirectly affects the ranging precision in a similar manner [ 25 ]. Quantum-limited pulse timing jitter [ 26 ] has also been shown to deteriorate ranging precision, particularly in the center of each NAR.…”
Noise in mode-locked lasers has been a central issue for dual-comb metrological applications. In this work, we investigate the laser intensity noise on dual-comb absolute ranging precision. Two different dual-comb schemes based on linear optical sampling (LOS) and nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) have been constructed. In the LOS scheme, the ranging precision deteriorates with the increase in laser relative intensity noise (RIN). This effect can be corrected by implementing a balanced photo-detection (BPD). In the ASOPS scheme, the experiment shows that the conversion from laser RIN to dual-comb ranging precision is negligible, making a balanced detection unnecessary for ranging precision improvement. The different manners of RIN’s impact on absolute ranging precision are attributed to the distinct cross-correlation signal patterns and the underlying time-of-flight (TOF) extraction algorithms.
“…DCS is an effective tool in absolute distance measurement when using the method of time-of-flight (TOF) [ 17 , 18 ] or the method of phase shift [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. DCS enables ranging, fine spectra and hyperspectral imaging in remote sensing [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The optical frequency domain is converted to the RF domain with a multi-heterodyne interferogram between two combs by down-conversion.…”
In this paper, we report a scheme providing precise spectral analysis and surface imaging, simultaneously, based on a high-coherence dual-comb interferometer. With two tightly phase-locking frequency combs, we demonstrate a high-coherence dual-comb interferometer (DCI) covering 188 to 195 THz (1538.5 to 1595.7 nm) with comb-tooth resolution and a max spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 159.7. The combination of the high-coherence dual-comb spectrometer and a reference arm simultaneously enables gas absorption spectroscopy and for the absolute distance information to be obtained in one measurement. As a demonstration, we measure the spectrum of CO2 and CO. From the same interferograms, we demonstrate that distance measurement, by time-of-flight (TOF), can be resolved with an rms precision of 0.53 μm after averaging 140 images and a measurement time of 1 s. Finally, we demonstrate that non-contact surface imaging, using 2D mechanical scanning, reaches lateral resolution of 40 μm. The longitudinal precision is 0.68 μm with a measurement time of 0.5 s. It verifies that DCS has the potential to be applied in standoff detection, environmental pollution monitors, and remote sensing.
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