“…Extensions of the classical dual-porosity concept have been developed to model solute transport in fractured porous media. Solute transport in the mobile domain is represented by an effective transport velocity and macrodispersivity, whereas solute diffusion between the immobile and mobile regions is approximated with first-order transfer terms [Huyakorn et al, 1983;Birkholzer and Rouve, 1994], higherorder transfer terms [Bibby, 1981;Dykhuizen, 1990;Zimmerman et al, 1990Zimmerman et al, , 1993Birkholzer and Rouve, 1994], multicontinuum models [Lichtner and Kang, 2007], linear Boltzmann transport equations [Benke and Painter, 2003;Painter and Cvetkovic, 2005], a distribution of transfer rates [Haggerty and Gorelick, 1995;Feehley et al, 2000;Flach et al, 2004;Berkowitz et al, 2008], or by using stochastic continua [Neuman, 1987;Birkholzer et al, 1999;Vesselinov et al, 2001;Ando et al, 2003;Neuman, 2005].…”