Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups

Abstract

Novel self-curing monomer containing two thermosetting groups, namely propargyl ether and phthalonitrile (PN) in a molecular structure, is synthesized and investigated. The study of catalyzed and uncatalyzed curing is performed and high heat release during curing is observed. This disadvantage can be adjusted by catalysis of propargyl ether polymerization with Ni (II), Co (II), and Cu (II) salts. The cured monomer possesses high thermal properties featured to phthalonitrile matrices (Heat deflection temperature, HDT 5 428 8C, T 5% 5 499 8C) and moderate mechanical properties (E 5 4.9 6 0.65 GPa, G IC 5 106 6 26 J/m 2 ), it can be applied as a high temperature matrix for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Low melt viscosity (223 mPa s at 120 8C) of the monomer provides a possibility to consider its application for composite material formation by vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding (RTM) techniques, which are exceptionally rarely applied for matrices with HDT > 300 8C but allow to obtain composites of complex shape with minimal joining parts.

Design of the phthalonitrile‐based composite laminates by improving the interfacial compatibility and their enhanced properties

“…As the development of science and technology in recent decades, the demands of high‐performance of polymer composites increased rapidly. In the areas such as aerospace industry, aeronautics, and cars industry, fiber‐reinforced polymer composites were used as the structural materials to replace the traditional metal materials to significantly reduce the weight and thus to reduce the emissions and improve carrying capacity, due to their properties of light weight and high modulus, high heat deflection temperature, and outstanding thermal stability . In the electric industry, the fiber‐reinforced polymer composites were also widely used as substrate materials because of the low dielectric constant, low moisture adsorption, good dimensional stability, and low costs .…”

“…In the areas such as aerospace industry, aeronautics, and cars industry, fiber-reinforced polymer composites were used as the structural materials to replace the traditional metal materials to significantly reduce the weight and thus to reduce the emissions and improve carrying capacity, due to their properties of light weight and high modulus, high heat deflection temperature, and outstanding thermal stability. [1][2][3][4][5] In the electric industry, the fiber-reinforced polymer composites were also widely used as substrate materials because of the low dielectric constant, low moisture adsorption, good dimensional stability, and low costs. [6][7][8] It is well known that the properties of the polymer composites, especially the mechanical properties are mainly determined by the polymer matrices, the reinforced fabric, and the interfacial interaction between the matrices and the fabric.…”

Carbon Fabric Reinforced Addition-Cure Phenolic Resins Based on Propargyl and Allyl Ether Functional Novolac Produced

“…[10]. There are many reports on the introduction of additional functional groups into propargyl resins aimed at reducing the curing exotherm or improving thermosets properties such as: phthalonitrile groups [11][12][13], azo-groups [14], benzoxazines [15,16], and epoxy groups [17]. In our previous work, it was shown that the introduction of additional allyl groups into the propargyl phenolic resin structure reduces the heat release during curing without degrading the properties of the resulting polymer matrix [18].…”

New model phthalonitrile resin system based on self‐promoted curing reaction for exploring the mechanism of radical promoted‐polymerization effect

“…Phthalonitrile resin (PN resin) is a high performance polymer with excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, chemical resistance, low water absorption, and flame retardancy . These excellent properties make PN resins potentially useful in the field of composites, adhesives, and carbon precursors, and have received wide attention from researchers . However, the further functionalization of PN resins is limited due to its high curing temperature, slow curing rate, complex, and uncontrollable curing products …”