Dual-energy CT quantification of fractional extracellular space in cirrhotic patients: comparison between early and delayed equilibrium phases and correlation with oesophageal varices

Cicero, Giuseppe; Mazziotti, Silvio; Silipigni, Salvatore; Blandino, Alfredo; Cantisani, Vito; Pergolizzi, Stefano; D’Angelo, Tommaso; Stagno, Alberto; Maimone, S.; Squadrito, Giovanni; Ascenti, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/s11547-021-01341-z

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…CT is currently the most widely used imaging technique for melanoma staging and follow-up [ 13 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. PET allows a functional study, as well as a whole-body evaluation, in a single scan [ 13 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Assessment of Interval Metastasis from Melanoma

Simonetti

Trovato²,

Granata

et al. 2022

JPM

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Interval metastasis is a particular metastatic category of metastatic localizations in the lymph nodes in patients with melanoma. Interval nodes are generally located at nonregional lymphatic stations placed along the pathway of the spread of melanoma, such as the epitrochlear lymph node station, the popliteal fossa, and the retroareolar station. Imaging techniques for evaluation of patients with interval metastasis from melanoma diseases include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lymphoscintigraphy (LS), and positron emission tomography (PET). A literature review was conducted through a methodical search on the Pubmed and Embase databases. The evaluation of lymph node metastases represents a critical phase in the staging and follow-up of melanoma patients. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the imaging methods available and the interactions between the clinician and the radiologist are essential for making the correct choice for individual patients, for a better management, and to improve treatment and survival.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Assessment of Interval Metastasis from Melanoma

Simonetti

Trovato²,

Granata

et al. 2022

JPM

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“…With regard to patients, both HCC patients and colorectal liver metastases patients [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ] could have impaired liver function due to cirrhosis or drug-induced liver injury [ 114 ], so, they are at increased risk of bleeding ( Figure 1 ) or biliary damage ( Figure 2 ). In addition, in immunocompromised patients, the risk of infection of the ablated area is high, with consequent risk of liver abscess [ 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ].…”

Section: Complications and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Risk Assessment and Imaging Findings of Thermal Ablation Treatment in Liver Cancers: What the Radiologist Should Expect

Granata

Fusco

Muzio

et al. 2022

JCM

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One of the major fields of application of ablation treatment is liver tumors. With respect to HCC, ablation treatments are considered as upfront treatments in patients with early-stage disease, while in colorectal liver metastases (CLM), they can be employed as an upfront treatment or in association with surgical resection. The main prognostic feature of ablation is the tumor size, since the goal of the treatment is the necrosis of all viable tumor tissue with an adequate tumor-free margin. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are the most employed ablation techniques. Ablation therapies in HCC and liver metastases have presented a challenge to radiologists, who need to assess response to determine complication-related treatment. Complications, defined as any unexpected variation from a procedural course, and adverse events, defined as any actual or potential injury related to the treatment, could occur either during the procedure or afterwards. To date, RFA and MWA have shown no statistically significant differences in mortality rates or major or minor complications. To reduce the rate of major complications, patient selection and risk assessment are essential. To determine the right cost-benefit ratio for the ablation method to be used, it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of infections, coagulation disorders and previous abdominal surgery interventions. Based on risk assessment, during the procedure as part of surveillance, the radiologists should pay attention to several complications, such as vascular, biliary, mechanical and infectious. Multiphase CT is an imaging tool chosen in emergency settings. The radiologist should report technical success, treatment efficacy, and complications. The complications should be assessed according to well-defined classification systems, and these complications should be categorized consistently according to severity and time of occurrence.

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“…An important point of the LI-RADS philosophy is the choice to adopt the term “ observation ” when referring to identified liver formations during the screening or diagnostic phase [ 67 ]. The generic term “ observation ” embraces the whole spectrum of possible abnormalities, ranging from simple cysts to clear neoplastic lesions [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. In addiction, LI-RADS guidelines suggest the imaging techniques that could be used, according to the different diagnostic phases and the availability.…”

Section: Li-radsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on LI-RADS Algorithm in Liver Tumors: Prospects and Pitfalls

et al. 2022

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Liver cancer is the sixth most detected tumor and the third leading cause of tumor death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with specific risk factors and a targeted population. Imaging plays a major role in the management of HCC from screening to post-therapy follow-up. In order to optimize the diagnostic-therapeutic management and using a universal report, which allows more effective communication among the multidisciplinary team, several classification systems have been proposed over time, and LI-RADS is the most utilized. Currently, LI-RADS comprises four algorithms addressing screening and surveillance, diagnosis on computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnosis on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and treatment response on CT/MRI. The algorithm allows guiding the radiologist through a stepwise process of assigning a category to a liver observation, recognizing both major and ancillary features. This process allows for characterizing liver lesions and assessing treatment. In this review, we highlighted both major and ancillary features that could define HCC. The distinctive dynamic vascular pattern of arterial hyperenhancement followed by washout in the portal-venous phase is the key hallmark of HCC, with a specificity value close to 100%. However, the sensitivity value of these combined criteria is inadequate. Recent evidence has proven that liver-specific contrast could be an important tool not only in increasing sensitivity but also in diagnosis as a major criterion. Although LI-RADS emerges as an essential instrument to support the management of liver tumors, still many improvements are needed to overcome the current limitations. In particular, features that may clearly distinguish HCC from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and combined HCC-CCA lesions and the assessment after locoregional radiation-based therapy are still fields of research.

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Dual-energy CT quantification of fractional extracellular space in cirrhotic patients: comparison between early and delayed equilibrium phases and correlation with oesophageal varices

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Imaging Assessment of Interval Metastasis from Melanoma

Imaging Assessment of Interval Metastasis from Melanoma

Complications Risk Assessment and Imaging Findings of Thermal Ablation Treatment in Liver Cancers: What the Radiologist Should Expect

A Narrative Review on LI-RADS Algorithm in Liver Tumors: Prospects and Pitfalls

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