Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts lamb carcass composition at abattoir chain speed with high repeatability across varying processing factors

Connaughton, S.L.; Williams, A.; Anderson, Frank M.; Kelman, K.R.; Peterse, J.; Gardner, G.E.

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108413

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Still, using DXA in commercial slaughterhouses for beef carcass grading was initiated by Calnan et al (2021) and Segura et al (2021) . The use of such techniques at slaughterhouse line speed was, however, confronted with the technical challenge to develop a DXA device appropriate for a whole beef half-carcass, as realized for sheep ( Gardner et al, 2018 ; Connaughton et al, 2021 ). The use of only a part of the carcass, such as a rib section or a single rib, could be an option to face this challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of empty body and carcass chemical composition of lactating and growing cattle: comparison of imaging, adipose cellularity, and rib dissection methods

Xavier

Driesen

Siegenthaler

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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The aim of present study was to compare in vivo and post mortem methods for estimating the empty body (EB) and carcass chemical compositions of Simmental lactating and growing cattle. Indirect methods were calibrated against the direct post mortem reference determination of chemical compositions of EB and carcass, determined after grinding and analyzing the water, lipid, protein, mineral masses, and energy content. The indirect methods applied to 12 lactating cows and 10 of their offspring were ultrasound (US), half-carcass and 11 th rib dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, subcutaneous and perirenal adipose cell size (ACS), and dissection of the 11 th rib. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) images were captured for eight cows. Multiple linear regressions with leave-one-out-cross-validations were tested between predictive variables derived from the methods tested, and the EB and carcass chemical compositions. Partial least square regressions were used to estimate body composition with morphological traits measured on 3D images. Body weight (BW) alone estimated the EB and carcass composition masses with a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for the EB from 1 kg for minerals to 12.4 kg for lipids, and for carcass from 0.9 kg for minerals to 7.8 kg for water. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured by US was the most accurate in vivo predictor when associated with BW to estimate chemical composition, with the EB lipid mass RMSEP = 11 kg and R2 = 0.75; carcass water mass RMSEP = 6 kg and R2 = 0.98; and carcass energy content RMSEP = 236 MJ and R2 = 0.91. Post mortem, carcass lipid mass was best estimated by half-carcass DXA scan (RMSEP = 2 kg, R2 = 0.98), 11 th rib DXA scan (RMSEP = 3 kg, R2 = 0.96), 11 th rib dissection (RMSEP = 4 kg, R2 = 0.92), and perirenal ACS (RMSEP = 6 kg, R2 = 0.79) in this respective order. The results obtained by 11 th rib DXA scan were accurate and close to the half-carcass DXA scan with a reduction in scan time. Morphological traits from 3D images delivered promising estimations of the cow EB and carcass chemical component masses with an error less than 13 kg for the EB lipid mass and than 740 MJ for the EB energy. Future research is required to test the 3D imaging method on a larger number of animals to confirm and quantify its interest in estimating body composition in living animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of empty body and carcass chemical composition of lactating and growing cattle: comparison of imaging, adipose cellularity, and rib dissection methods

Xavier

Driesen

Siegenthaler

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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“…However, meat quality data can only be obtained after slaughter when selection decisions about the live animal are already too late. Carcass estimated breeding values [14,15], visual marbling score and meat imaging camera marbling systems [16], and dual X-ray absorptiometry scanner based computed tomography determined fat, lean muscle, and bone compositions of lamb carcasses [17] are all useful technological advancements, but still present precision problems due to low accuracy, and by the time an informed decision on the genetic merit for meat quality is made, the animal is already dead. In a study of associations of sire estimated breeding values and objective meat quality measurements with sensory scores in Australian lamb, Pannier et al [18] confirmed the growing concerns that selecting for lean meat yield would reduce consumer eating quality and concluded that careful monitoring of selection programs is needed to maintain lamb eating quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Sequencing of Single Nucleotide Polymorphic DNA-Markers in Selecting for Intramuscular Fat, Fat Melting Point, Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA Lamb

Pewan

Otto

Huerlimann

et al. 2021

Foods

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Meat quality data can only be obtained after slaughter when selection decisions about the live animal are already too late. Carcass estimated breeding values present major precision problems due to low accuracy, and by the time an informed decision on the genetic merit for meat quality is made, the animal is already dead. We report for the first time, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of lipid metabolism genes in Tattykeel Australian White (TAW) sheep of the MARGRA lamb brand, utilizing an innovative and minimally invasive muscle biopsy sampling technique for directly quantifying the genetic worth of live lambs for health-beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), intramuscular fat (IMF), and fat melting point (FMP). NGS of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes identified functional SNP with unique DNA marker signatures for TAW genetics. The SCD g.23881050T>C locus was significantly associated with IMF, C22:6n-3, and C22:5n-3; FASN g.12323864A>G locus with FMP, C18:3n-3, C18:1n-9, C18:0, C16:0, MUFA, and FABP4 g.62829478A>T locus with IMF. These add new knowledge, precision, and reliability in directly making early and informed decisions on live sheep selection and breeding for health-beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA, FMP, IMF and superior meat-eating quality at the farmgate level. The findings provide evidence that significant associations exist between SNP of lipid metabolism genes and n-3 LC-PUFA, IMF, and FMP, thus underpinning potential marker-assisted selection for meat-eating quality traits in TAW lambs.

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“…The DXA scan of a complete carcass would be easier to deal with than the DXA scan of the 11th rib from the perspective of implementation in slaughterhouses at chain speed ( Gardner et al, 2018 ; Connaughton et al, 2020 , 2021 ). However, several technical challenges must be overcome before using on-field DXA for beef carcasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carcass chemical composition in beef-on-dairy cattle using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of cold half-carcass or 11th rib cut

Xavier,

Morel,

Dohme-Meier

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of the present study was to estimate the chemical composition (water, lipid, protein, mineral, and energy contents) of carcasses measured post mortem using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of cold half-carcass or 11th rib cut. One hundred twenty beef-on-dairy (dam: Swiss Brown, sire: Angus, Limousin, or Simmental) bulls (n = 66), heifers (n = 42), and steers (n = 12) were included in the study. The reference carcass composition measured after grinding, homogenization, and chemical analyses was estimated from DXA variables using simple or multiple linear regressions with model training on 70% (n = 84) and validation on 30% (n = 36) of the observations. In the validation step, the estimates of water and protein masses from the half-carcass [R2 = 0.998 and 0.997; root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), 1.0 and 0.5 kg, respectively] and 11th rib DXA scans (R2 = 0.997 and 0.996; RMSEP, 1.5 and 0.5 kg, respectively) were precise. Lipid mass was estimated precisely from the half-carcass DXA scan (R2 = 0.990; RMSEP = 1.0 kg) with a slightly lower precision from the 11th rib DXA scan (R2 = 0.968; RMSEP = 1.7 kg). Mineral mass was estimated from half-carcass (R² = 0.975 and RMSEP = 0.3 kg) and 11th rib DXA scans (R2 = 0.947 and RMSEP = 0.4 kg). For the energy content, the R2 values ranged from 0.989 (11th rib DXA scan) to 0.996 (half-carcass DXA scan), and the RMSEP ranged from 36 (half-carcass) to 55 MJ (11th rib). The proportions of water, lipids, and energy in the carcasses were also precisely estimated (R2 ≥ 0.882) using either the half-carcass (RMSEP ≤ 1.0%) or 11th rib cut DXA scans (RMSEP ≤ 1.3%). Precision was lower for the protein and mineral proportions (R2 ≤ 0.794, RMSEP ≤ 0.5%). The cattle category (sex and breed of sire) effect was observed only in some estimative models for proportions from the 11th rib cut. In conclusion, DXA imaging of either a cold half-carcass or 11th rib cut is a precise method for estimating the chemical composition of carcass from beef-on-dairy cattle.

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Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts lamb carcass composition at abattoir chain speed with high repeatability across varying processing factors

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Estimation of empty body and carcass chemical composition of lactating and growing cattle: comparison of imaging, adipose cellularity, and rib dissection methods

Estimation of empty body and carcass chemical composition of lactating and growing cattle: comparison of imaging, adipose cellularity, and rib dissection methods

Next Generation Sequencing of Single Nucleotide Polymorphic DNA-Markers in Selecting for Intramuscular Fat, Fat Melting Point, Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Meat Eating Quality in Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA Lamb

Estimation of carcass chemical composition in beef-on-dairy cattle using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of cold half-carcass or 11th rib cut

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