Dual Enzyme-Locked Activation Reporter for Accurate Liver Cancer Surveillance

Abstract

Activatable probes with a higher signal-to-background ratio and accuracy are essential for monitoring liver cancer as well as intraoperative fluorescence navigation. However, the presence of only one biomarker is usually not sufficient to meet the high requirement of a signal-to-background ratio in cancer surveillance, leading to the risk of misdiagnosis. In this work, a dual-locked activation response probe, Si-NTR-LAP, for nitroreductase and leucine aminopeptidase was reported. This duallocked probe provides better tumor recognition and a higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of single-locked probes (Si-LAP and Si-NTR). In both the subcutaneous tumor model and the more complex orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model, the probe was able to identify tumor tissue with high specificity and accurately differentiate the boundaries between tumor tissue and normal tissue. Therefore, the dual-locked probe may provide a new and practical strategy for applying to real patient tumor tissue samples.