Dual-Function Regeneration of Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide for Stable High Voltage Cycle Performance

Fei, Zitong; Zhang, Yingjie; Meng, Qi; Dong, Peng; Fei, Jinfu; Zhou, Siyuan; Kwon, Kyungjung

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03266

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the other hand, there are also direct regeneration methods for converting waste cathodes into practical anode materials or highvoltage cathode materials. [58][59][60] 3 | DESIGN AND RECYCLING CONCEPTS BASED ON BATTERY LIFECYCLE…”

Section: The Direct Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Wang

Ang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market and promise to spawn a giant recycling system. Nonetheless, since the lack of unified guiding standard and nontraceability, the recycling of end-of-life LIBs has fallen into the dilemma of low recycling rate, poor recycling efficiency, and insignificant benefits.Herein, tapping into summarizing and analyzing the current status and challenges of recycling LIBs, this outlook provides insights for the future course of full lifecycle management of LIBs, proposing gradient utilization and recycling-target predesign strategy. Further, we acknowledge some recommendations for recycling waste LIBs and anticipate a collaborative effort to advance sustainable and reliable recycling routes.

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Section: The Direct Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Wang

Ang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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“…The LIBs with optimized DR‐D‐0.5% sample delivered an unexpectedly high capacity of 226.346 mAh g –1 at 4.6 V and a retention rate of 80.36% after 100 cycles (Figure 7g). [ 136 ] Except for the cationic doping, Fan et al. reported a direct solid‐state regeneration process for spent LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode materials via additionally supplementing PO 43 polyanion dopants.…”

Section: Regeneration Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Jin

Zhang

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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policies in clean energy industry. [10][11][12] As shown in Figure 1a, it is conservatively estimated that the shipment volume of LIBs in 2025 (439.32 GWh) is nearly doubled compared with that in 2021 (237.44 GWh) and the corresponding global market closes to $106.81 billion, mainly resulting from the great popularization of electric vehicles. In addition, based on market analysis and forecast, the percent of LIBs with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials is continuously increasing at a high speed (Figure 1b), which will firmly dominate the market for a long time because of their notably technical advantages. [13,14] There is no doubt that the mature LIBs industry really brings a great number of benefits to our life, such as the convenience and cleanliness. [15][16][17] However, as every coin has two sides, some key issues behind the popularized LIBs applications cannot be neglected. Lithium (Li) metal and other transitional metals (TMs) like cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) have been consumed in large quantities to manufacture the cathode materials for fulfilling the tremendous production of LIBs. [18][19][20][21] These metallic resources are rare on the earth with high cost and limited geographic distribution. Moreover, the Co and Ni metals are toxic, which are not environmental-friendly and jeopardize to human health. [11,[22][23][24] Therefore, in the back of prosperity of LIBs, we are also facing the emerging resources crisis and seriously secondary environmental pollution problems as long as the massive retired LIBs are present and not appropriately treated in following several years. [25][26][27] To make "Waste-be-Wealth," the effective strategy should be employed to tackle the waste LIBs problems in a green and sustainable way. [28,29] Nowadays, the conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies are only two existing industrial approaches in recycling the cathode materials of retired LIBs, which, yet, just focus on the recovery target of rare metallic resources (e.g., Co, Ni, and Li) from faded cathode materials. [30,31] As illustrated in Figure 2, in terms of the pyrometallurgical method, it usually involves the high temperature process to smelt the end-of-life cathode materials, in which the valuable metal elements are sintered into alloy forms after several purification and separation processes. Thus, this process usually needs high energy consumption and will unavoidably Explosively increased market penetration of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and stationary energy storage devices has recently aroused new concerns on nonrenewable metal resources and environmental pollution because of the forthcoming wave of retired popularized LIBs. Recycling the retired LIBs in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective way thus becomes much urgent and imperative. As a preferable route, the direct regeneration strategy has been innovatively proposed to repair degraded cathode mat...

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“…As the earliest commercialized lithium-ion battery, LiCoO 2 battery occupies the leading position in the field of portable electronic products due to its advantages of stable cycle, long life, and high volumetric energy density. , The output of LiCoO 2 increases year by year with the development of electronic technology and the advent of the 5G era. It is estimated that global shipments of LiCoO 2 will reach over 96 000 tons in 2025.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Regeneration of Structural Evolution for High-Performance of LiCoO₂ Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhou

Fei

Meng

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The scientific recycling of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries is beneficial for protecting environment and saving resources. Resolving poor cycling performance and improving the energy density of regenerated materials become urgent issues for the direct short-range recycling process. Here, we demonstrate a collaborative process with Li + replenishment and codoping for direct regeneration of spent LiCoO 2 materials by the high-temperature solid-phase method. Based on the collaborative process, repairing of the crystal structure defects of the spent LiCoO 2 and doping of Mg/Ti at Co site were achieved with replenishing the lack of chemical composition. The co-modified regenerated materials display the best high-voltage performance due to inhibiting phase transformation, strengthening structural stability, and enhancing Li + diffusion ability by Mg/Ti co-doping. Our work provides an efficient approach for the short-range regeneration of spent cathode materials with boosting the development of the recycling industry for spent lithium-ion batteries.

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Dual-Function Regeneration of Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide for Stable High Voltage Cycle Performance

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Collaborative Regeneration of Structural Evolution for High-Performance of LiCoO₂ Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Dual-Function Regeneration of Waste Lithium Cobalt Oxide for Stable High Voltage Cycle Performance

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Collaborative Regeneration of Structural Evolution for High-Performance of LiCoO2 Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Collaborative Regeneration of Structural Evolution for High-Performance of LiCoO₂ Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries