Dual-Functional Polyetheretherketone Surface with an Enhanced Osteogenic Capability and an Antibacterial Adhesion Property In Vitro by Chitosan Modification

Abstract

A chitosan layer was covalently bonded to a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface using a simple facile selfassembly method to address inadequate biological activity and infection around the implant. The surface characterization, layer degradation, biological activity, and antibacterial adhesion properties of chitosan-modified PEEK (PEEK-CS) were studied. Through chitosan grafting, the surface morphology changed, the surface roughness increased, and the contact angle decreased significantly. PEEK-CS boosted cell adhesion, proliferation, increased alkaline phosphate activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenic genes. PEEK-CS demonstrated less adhesion to Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as less bacterial adhesion to P. gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. According to our findings, chitosan modification significantly improved the osteogenic ability and antibacterial adhesion of PEEK in vitro.

Characteristics of Hybrid Bioglass-Chitosan Coatings on the Plasma Activated PEEK Polymer

“…When the chitosan layer was present on the activated PEEK, no specific structures were observed, but rather the presence of a smoothing layer compared to the PEEKp control sample ( Figure 2 A). Considering the experiments by the other authors, where the chitosan layers on PEEK substrate were investigated, the structures varied depending on the deposition technique, chitosan molecular properties, and concentration, as well as prefabrication of the PEEK surface [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Multifaceted Materials for Enhanced Osteogenesis and Antimicrobial Properties on Bioplastic Polyetheretherketone Surfaces: A Review

“…As an antibacterial material, CS is inherently active and efficient against a variety of bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus, as well as filamentous fungi and yeasts. 145 Qiu et al 146 coated the PEEK with a CS layer using a simple facile self-assembly method. The existence of CS not only boosted cell adhesion, proliferation, and expression of osteogenic genes but also endowed the implant with in vitro antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and S. mutans, which are oral resident bacteria.…”

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study Regarding the Cross-Sectional Morphology of PEEK Monofilament Deposition During FDM-Based 3D Printing

“…It is considered a promising alternative to metallic implants. 1 Its melting point is 343 °C, the glass conversion temperature is 143 °C, and it can be used for a long time at 260 °C. The tensile strength of injection-molded PEEK is approximately 95 MPa and its Young's modulus is approximately 4.4 GPa, which is far higher than that of other common polymer materials.…”

“…Polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK) is characterized by lightweight, high strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance as well as by excellent adaptability to biocompatibility. It is considered a promising alternative to metallic implants . Its melting point is 343 °C, the glass conversion temperature is 143 °C, and it can be used for a long time at 260 °C.…”