Dual-Functional Supernanoparticles with Microwave Dynamic Therapy and Microwave Thermal Therapy

Abstract

The cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photoactivated sensitizers have been well explored in tumor therapy for nearly half a century, which is known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). The poor light penetration depth severely hinders PDT as a primary or adjuvant therapy for clinical indication. Whereas microwaves (MWs) are advantageous for deep penetration depth, the MW energy is considerably lower than that required for the activation of any species to induce ROS generation. Herein we find that liquid metal (LM) supernanoparticles activated by MW irradiation can generate ROS, such as •OH and •O 2 . On this basis, we design dual-functional supernanoparticles by loading LMs and an MW heating sensitizer ionic liquid (IL) into mesoporous ZrO 2 nanoparticles, which can be activated by MW as the sole energy source for dynamic and thermal therapy concomitantly. The microwave sensitizer opens the door to an entirely novel dynamic treatment for tumors.

Galvanic replacement reaction for in situ fabrication of litchi-shaped heterogeneous liquid metal-Au nano-composite for radio-photothermal cancer therapy

“…Rapid progress on the biomedical application of liquid metals (LM) has witnessed the tremendous research advance of these novel functional materials [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. Simultaneously owning multi-properties such as high fluidity, excellent thermal and electrical conductivities, ideal biocompatibility, good radiopacity, controllable behaviors and conformability associated with reversible liquid-solid phase transition, facile manufacture and along with affordable cost, LM biomaterials have been widely applied in biological imaging [ 6 , 7 ], bone repair [ 8 ], drug delivery [ [9] , [10] , [11] ], magnetic hyperthermia [ 12 , 13 ], photothermal therapy [ [14] , [15] , [16] ], tumor embolotherapy [ 17 ], microwave dynamic therapy and microwave thermal therapy [ 18 ]. Such ‘One material, Multi-functionalities’ is rather unusual among many existing top materials and therefore it is noteworthy to recognize that a new direction of biomedical category: the LM biomaterials have formed [ 2 ].…”

Emerging Nanomedicine‐Enabled/Enhanced Nanodynamic Therapies beyond Traditional Photodynamics

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 49 ] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. c) The scheme of MW‐TDT treatment of tumor‐bearing mice after intravenous administration of FVIOs‐GO‐CREKA.…”

“…On this ground, liquid metal (LM), eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy was encapsulated into mesoporous ZrO 2 nanoparticles for achieving MW‐activated ROS production (2450 MHz, continuous wave, 2 W, 1 min), which was generally defined as microwave dynamic therapy (MDT; Figure 5b). [ 49 ] The underlying principle for such a ROS production procedure was deduced to be the elevated local temperature by the thermal effect of MW irradiation, which generated the hot spots during the interfacial selecting heating within the mesopores of nanoparticles. Such a hot spot enabled the electron transfer from Ga to the surrounding water and oxygen molecules for the production of ·OH and ·O 2 radicals.…”

Nanotechnology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Surveillance, Diagnosis to Management

“…[ 83,84 ] NIR and microwaves can also cause deep tissue to heat up and dissolve solid tumors, so they can be applied to reduce the trauma caused by surgery. [ 85–88 ] Magnetic field requires the carrier to be magnetic and stable in humoral environment, so it has a broad prospect in comprehensive treatment of elements such as manganese and iron. [ 89,90 ] Combining the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs has brought back chances of systematic therapies that were not so suitable for early solid HCC tumors.…”