Abstract:The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) strongly depends on the electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite absorber, hole transport layer (HTL), and their interfaces. Herein, the first approach to utilize ultrathin 2D titanium‐carbide MXenes (Ti3C2Tx quantum dots, TQD) by engineering the perovskite/TiO2 ETL interface and perovskite absorber and introducing Cu1.8S nanocrystals to perfect the Spiro‐OMeTAD HTL is represented. A significant hysteresis‐free power conversion efficiency improvement from 18.3… Show more
“…For the control device, a stabilized PCE of 20.1% at the maximum power point (0.96 V) is recorded over the same period. Notably, the SnO 2 -cPCN based device has a much faster response of less than 8 s to reach the SPO point than the pristine device (80 s) ascribed to the reduced trap-assisted recombination and the enhancement of electron mobility caused by the incorporation of cPCN [ 53 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 c). Compared with the pristine sample, the PL intensity of SnO 2 -cPCN based perovskite films is much weaker, demonstrating enhanced charge extraction with reduced recombination, leading to increased photocurrents in the PSCs [ 53 ]. For the TRPL spectra in Fig.…”
Efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) not only play a crucial role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also significantly affect the process of nucleation and growth of the perovskite layer. Herein, crystalline polymeric carbon nitrides (cPCN) are introduced to regulate the electronic properties of SnO2 nanocrystals, resulting in cPCN-composited SnO2 (SnO2-cPCN) ETLs with enhanced charge transport and perovskite layers with decreased grain boundaries. Firstly, SnO2-cPCN ETLs show three times higher electron mobility than pristine SnO2 while offering better energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. The SnO2-cPCN ETLs with decreased wettability endow the perovskite films with higher crystallinity by retarding the crystallization rate. In the end, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar PSCs can be boosted to 23.17% with negligible hysteresis and a steady-state efficiency output of 21.98%, which is one of the highest PCEs for PSCs with modified SnO2 ETLs. SnO2-cPCN based devices also showed higher stability than pristine SnO2, maintaining 88% of the initial PCE after 2000 h of storage in the ambient environment (with controlled RH of 30% ± 5%) without encapsulation.
“…For the control device, a stabilized PCE of 20.1% at the maximum power point (0.96 V) is recorded over the same period. Notably, the SnO 2 -cPCN based device has a much faster response of less than 8 s to reach the SPO point than the pristine device (80 s) ascribed to the reduced trap-assisted recombination and the enhancement of electron mobility caused by the incorporation of cPCN [ 53 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 c). Compared with the pristine sample, the PL intensity of SnO 2 -cPCN based perovskite films is much weaker, demonstrating enhanced charge extraction with reduced recombination, leading to increased photocurrents in the PSCs [ 53 ]. For the TRPL spectra in Fig.…”
Efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) not only play a crucial role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also significantly affect the process of nucleation and growth of the perovskite layer. Herein, crystalline polymeric carbon nitrides (cPCN) are introduced to regulate the electronic properties of SnO2 nanocrystals, resulting in cPCN-composited SnO2 (SnO2-cPCN) ETLs with enhanced charge transport and perovskite layers with decreased grain boundaries. Firstly, SnO2-cPCN ETLs show three times higher electron mobility than pristine SnO2 while offering better energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. The SnO2-cPCN ETLs with decreased wettability endow the perovskite films with higher crystallinity by retarding the crystallization rate. In the end, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar PSCs can be boosted to 23.17% with negligible hysteresis and a steady-state efficiency output of 21.98%, which is one of the highest PCEs for PSCs with modified SnO2 ETLs. SnO2-cPCN based devices also showed higher stability than pristine SnO2, maintaining 88% of the initial PCE after 2000 h of storage in the ambient environment (with controlled RH of 30% ± 5%) without encapsulation.
“…According to V TFL = qn t L 2 /2εε 0 , where trap-filled limit voltage (V TFL ) is the voltage kink point, n t is the trap density, L is the perovskite thickness, ε is the relative dielectric constant of CsPbBr 3 , and ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity. The smaller V TFL value indicates the lower trap state density [46]. As shown in Fig.…”
All-inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates to balance the stability and efficiency issues of organic-inorganic hybrid devices. However, the large energy barrier for charge transfer and narrow spectral response are still two challenging problems for performance improvement. We present here an organic bulkheterojunction {poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT : PCBM)} photoactive layer to boost the charge extraction and to widen the spectral absorption, achieving an enhanced power conversion efficiency up to 8.94% by optimizing the thickness of P3HT: PCBM photoactive layer, which is much higher than 6.28% for the pristine CsPbBr 3 device. The interaction between the carbonyl group in PCBM and unsaturated Pb atom in the perovskite surface can effectively passivate the defects and reduce charge recombination. Furthermore, the coupling effect between PCBM and P3HT widens the spectral response from 540 to 650 nm for an increased short-circuit current density. More importantly, the devices are relatively stable over 75 days upon persistent attack by 70% relative humidity in air condition. These advantages of high efficiency, excellent long-term stability, cost-effectiveness and scalability may promote the commercialization of inorganic PSCs.
“…Very recently, Chen et al first reported employment of ultrathin Ti 3 C 2 T x quantum dots (TQDs) to engineer the CsFAMA (FA: CH(NH 2 ) 2 ) perovskite absorber and the perovskite/TiO 2 ETL interface, as indicated in Fig. 2 e [ 60 ]. Thanks to the improved crystallinity of the perovskite film and the matched energy-level alignment (Fig.…”
Section: Applications Of Mxenes In Solar Cellsmentioning
Application of two-dimensional MXene materials in photovoltaics has attracted increasing attention since the first report in 2018 due to their metallic electrical conductivity, high carrier mobility, excellent transparency, tunable work function and superior mechanical property. In this review, all developments and applications of the Ti3C2Tx MXene (here, it is noteworthy that there are still no reports on other MXenes’ application in photovoltaics by far) as additive, electrode and hole/electron transport layer in solar cells are detailedly summarized, and meanwhile, the problems existing in the related studies are also discussed. In view of these problems, some suggestions are given for pushing exploration of the MXenes’ application in solar cells. It is believed that this review can provide a comprehensive and deep understanding into the research status and, moreover, helps widen a new situation for the study of MXenes in photovoltaics.
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