2023
DOI: 10.3390/en16031334
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Dual-Layer Q-Learning Strategy for Energy Management of Battery Storage in Grid-Connected Microgrids

Abstract: Real-time energy management of battery storage in grid-connected microgrids can be very challenging due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES), load variations, and variable grid tariffs. Two reinforcement learning (RL)–based energy management systems have been previously used, namely, offline and online methods. In offline RL, the agent learns the optimum policy using forecasted generation and load data. Once the convergence is achieved, battery commands are dispatched in real time. The … Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…Maintenance and Optimization: The solar-hydrogen storage system is maintained and optimized on a regular basis to guarantee its efficiency and dependability. To enhance system performance over time, this may entail checking storage tanks, cleaning solar panels, examining electrolyzer components, and upgrading control algorithms [151][152][153].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maintenance and Optimization: The solar-hydrogen storage system is maintained and optimized on a regular basis to guarantee its efficiency and dependability. To enhance system performance over time, this may entail checking storage tanks, cleaning solar panels, examining electrolyzer components, and upgrading control algorithms [151][152][153].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%