“…As an example, no cost can be attributed to food waste, the current price of pulp‐grade wood can be estimated at 43–54 US$/ton of fermentable sugars (i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose) while sugar costs about 460 US$/ton (Gharehkhani et al, 2015 ; International Sugar Organization, 2019 ; Nuss & Gardner, 2013 ; Qureshi et al, 2020 ). Recent techno‐economic analyses estimated the minimal selling price for butanol produced from the fermentation of corn, sugarcane, food/municipal waste, and lignocellulosic biomass at 2.50, 2.05, 0.42–0.75, and 1.32–1.78 US$/kg, respectively (Ashani et al, 2020 ; Karimi Alavijeh & Karimi, 2019 ; Mailaram & Maity, 2022 ; Qureshi et al, 2020 ). These values may be largely affected by fluctuations in feedstock price, process configuration, plant capacity, and location.…”