Dual Majorana universality in thermally induced nonequilibrium

Abstract

We demonstrate that nonequilibrium nanoscopic systems with Majorana zero modes admit special kind of universality which cannot be classified as of strictly transport or strictly thermodynamic nature. To reveal such kind of Majorana universality we explore purely thermal nonequilibrium states of a quantum dot whose low-energy degrees of freedom are governed by Majorana zero modes. Specifically, the quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor, supporting Majorana zero modes, as well as to two normal metallic contacts with the same chemical potentials but different temperatures. It is shown that the Majorana universality in this setup is dual: it is stored inside both the response of the electric current, excited by exclusively the temperature difference, and the quantum dot compressibility. The latter is defined as the derivative of the quantum dot particle number with respect to the chemical potential and forms a universal Majorana ratio with a proper derivative of the electric current that flows in nonequilibrium states of purely thermal nature. arXiv:2003.05424v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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“…Experimental data include those of Mo et al [20], Hohlfeld et al [36], Qui et al, Nakamura et al [37], Brorson et al [38], Zheng et al, [39], Giri et al [40], White et al [41], and Guo et al [42]. Theoretical estimates are by Lin et al [16] (and the same data rescaled by the factor of 1/4), Brown et al [18], Smirnov et al [43], Migdal et al [44], Wang et al [45], Papaconstantopoulos [30], and two curves from Petrov et al [17].…”

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“…While the electronic and ionic heat capacities are well constrained for gold [23,24], the remaining three exhibit large uncertainties in the literature. In particular, theoretical predictions of the equilibration rate vary by up to an order of magnitude [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

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“…2 using the 2TM simulation, and the corresponding values from the literature [24][25][26][27] . [24][25][26][27] (W/m 3 K) Platinum (11.2±0.1)×10 17 (9.3±0.1)×10 17 (2.5-11)×10 in the optical region.…”