Dual-mode endomicroscopy for detection of epithelial dysplasia in the mouth: a descriptive pilot study

Bodenschatz, N.; Poh, Catherine F.; Lam, Stephanie; Lane, Pierre; Guillaud, Martial; MacAulay, Calum

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.086005

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We applied our fiber bundle light field technique to tissue imaging by staining a thick (~5 mm) slice of mouse brain with proflavine. Proflavine and acriflavine are commonly used fluorescent markers, which specifically target nuclear structures in vivo ( 29 , 30 ). Cell nuclei are visible in the stereo image (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical fiber bundles: Ultra-slim light field imaging probes

et al. 2019

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Optical fiber bundle microendoscopes are widely used for visualizing hard-to-reach areas of the human body. These ultrathin devices often forgo tunable focusing optics because of size constraints and are therefore limited to two-dimensional (2D) imaging modalities. Ideally, microendoscopes would record 3D information for accurate clinical and biological interpretation, without bulky optomechanical parts. Here, we demonstrate that the optical fiber bundles commonly used in microendoscopy are inherently sensitive to depth information. We use the mode structure within fiber bundle cores to extract the spatio-angular description of captured light rays—the light field—enabling digital refocusing, stereo visualization, and surface and depth mapping of microscopic scenes at the distal fiber tip. Our work opens a route for minimally invasive clinical microendoscopy using standard bare fiber bundle probes. Unlike coherent 3D multimode fiber imaging techniques, our incoherent approach is single shot and resilient to fiber bending, making it attractive for clinical adoption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical fiber bundles: Ultra-slim light field imaging probes

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, commercially available instruments continually improve, making the 2-D imagers more robust, affordable, and capable every year; impressive studies have been done using even office supply equipment 70 , 72 . As technology simplifies, it is then available for integration with clinical instrumentation such as endoscopes 78 , 81 , 116 , 211 and begins to provide quantitative imaging in vivo , in real-time where was once impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging

et al. 2018

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Diffuse optical imaging probes deep living tissue enabling structural, functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging. Recently, due to the availability of spatial light modulators, wide-field quantitative diffuse optical techniques have been implemented, which benefit greatly from structured light methodologies. Such implementations facilitate the quantification and characterization of depth-resolved optical and physiological properties of thick and deep tissue at fast acquisition speeds. We summarize the current state of work and applications in the three main techniques leveraging structured light: spatial frequency-domain imaging, optical tomography, and single-pixel imaging. The theory, measurement, and analysis of spatial frequency-domain imaging are described. Then, advanced theories, processing, and imaging systems are summarized. Preclinical and clinical applications on physiological measurements for guidance and diagnosis are summarized. General theory and method development of tomographic approaches as well as applications including fluorescence molecular tomography are introduced. Lastly, recent developments of single-pixel imaging methodologies and applications are reviewed.

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“…Spectroscopic methods have shown high diagnostic accuracy for detecting precancers and cancers, and are continuing to advance into large‐scale clinical trials, along with instrument optimization for higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and development of data analysis algorithms toward achieving prospective clinical translation. Among imaging techniques, a tissue surface‐microscopic approach is high‐resolution microendoscopy, using topically applied acriflavine for nuclear staining and backscattered light for dual‐mode contrast . Images show nuclear morphology and patterns on the surface of oral mucosa, and the imaging appears to be promising for improving diagnosis of early dysplasia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a Video‐Mosaicking Approach to Extend the Field‐of‐View For Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in the Oral Cavity In Vivo

et al. 2019

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Background Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a developing approach for noninvasive detection of oral lesions with label‐free contrast and cellular‐level resolution. For access into the oral cavity, confocal microscopes are being configured with small‐diameter telescopic probes and small objective lenses. However, a small probe and objective lens allows for a rather small field‐of‐view relative to the large areas of tissue that must be examined for diagnosis. To extend the field‐of‐view for intraoral RCM imaging, we are investigating a video‐mosaicking approach. Methods A relay telescope and objective lens were adapted to an existing confocal microscope for access into the oral cavity. Imaging was performed using metal three‐dimensional‐printed objective lens front‐end caps with coverslip windows to contact and stabilize the tissue and set depth. Four healthy volunteers (normal oral mucosa), one patient (with an amalgam tattoo) in a clinical setting, and 20 anesthetized patients (with oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC]) in a surgical setting were imaged. Instead of the usual still RCM images, videos were recorded and then processed into video‐mosaics. Thirty video‐mosaics were read and qualitatively assessed by an expert reader of RCM images of the oral mucosa. Results Whereas the objective lens’ native field‐of‐view is 0.75 mm × 0.75 mm, the video‐mosaics display larger areas, ranging from 2 mm × 2 mm to 4 mm × 2 mm, with resolution, morphologic detail, and image quality that is preserved relative to that observed in the original videos (individual images). Video‐mosaics in healthy volunteers’ and the patients’ images showed cellular morphologic patterns in the lower epithelium and at the epithelial junction, and connective tissue along with capillary loops and blood flow in the deeper lamina propria. In OSCC, tumor nests could be observed along with normal looking mucosa in margin areas. Conclusions Video‐mosaicking is a reasonably quick and efficient approach for extending the field‐of‐view of RCM imaging, which can, to some extent, overcome the inherent limitation of an intraoral probe's small field‐of‐view. Reading video‐mosaics can mimic the procedure for examining pathology: initial visualization of the spatial cellular and morphologic patterns of the tumor and the spread of tumor margins over larger areas of the lesion, followed by digitally zooming (magnifying) for closer inspection of suspicious areas. However, faster processing of videos into video‐mosaics will be necessary, to allow examination of video‐mosaics in real‐time at the bedside. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:439–451, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Dual-mode endomicroscopy for detection of epithelial dysplasia in the mouth: a descriptive pilot study

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Optical fiber bundles: Ultra-slim light field imaging probes

Optical fiber bundles: Ultra-slim light field imaging probes

Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging

Feasibility of a Video‐Mosaicking Approach to Extend the Field‐of‐View For Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in the Oral Cavity In Vivo

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