Dual-mode optical thermometer based on fluorescence intensity ratio of Eu3+/Mn4+ co-doping zinc titanate phosphors

Enhancement of photoacoustic and upconversion emission in Mg2+/Zn2+ codoped Gd2O3: Er3+/Yb3+ phosphor using 980 nm excitation

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The interest in rare earth doped phosphor materials has augmented due to the exceptional optical properties of rare earth ions. [11][12][13][14][15] The upconversion (UC) luminescence of rare earth ions mostly originates from the electronic transitions within the 4f-shell of the rare earth ions. The rare earth ions possess many electronic energy levels spanning from the UV to NIR region and many of them are metastable in character which supports the UC emission.…”