Dual phase enhanced superior electrochemical performance of nanoporous bismuth-tin alloy anodes for magnesium-ion batteries

Niu, Jiazheng; Gao, Hui; Ma, Wensheng; Luo, Fakui; Yin, Kuibo; Peng, Zhangquan; Zhang, Zhonghua

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.05.023

Cited by 93 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…[7,15,[20][21][22] Typically, common salts and organic solvent combinations like those used in LIBs and SIBs yield a Mg-ion-blocking film on the Mg metal anode. [1,[25][26][27] Unfortunately, state-of-the-art alloy-type MIB anodes can only be reversibly (dis)charged up to 200 cycles with acceptable capacity retention, [28] which is far below the 1000 cycles or more required for practical battery applications. Bismuth (Bi) and tin (Sn) are two promising candidate materials used as alloy-type MIB anodes, in which Mg is reversibly stored to make Mg 3 Bi 2 and Mg 2 Sn alloys, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[7,[20][21][22][23][24] A promising way to circumvent this electrolyte issue involves the use of Mg alloy as the anode instead of pure Mg metal. In general, the capacity of MIB electrodes decays rapidly during cycling due to gradual material failure caused by massive volume expansions (up to 300%), and significant mechanical stresses, [27][28][29][30] which arise during solid-solid phase transformations. [1,[25][26][27] Unfortunately, state-of-the-art alloy-type MIB anodes can only be reversibly (dis)charged up to 200 cycles with acceptable capacity retention, [28] which is far below the 1000 cycles or more required for practical battery applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High‐Rate and Long Cycle‐Life Alloy‐Type Magnesium‐Ion Battery Anode Enabled Through (De)magnesiation‐Induced Near‐Room‐Temperature Solid–Liquid Phase Transformation

Wang

Welborn

Kumar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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alternative electrochemical energy storage systems are desirable to satisfy our growing demand for energy. Magnesiumion batteries (MIBs) offer many distinct advantages over their LIB and sodiumion battery (SIB) counterparts, including the earth-abundance of magnesium (Mg), the reversible dendrite-free deposition of Mg, [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11] the divalent nature of Mg ion and its smaller ionic radius compared to lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) ions, [12][13][14] and finally the fact that metallic Mg is less reactive and therefore safer than Li and Na metals. [8,[15][16][17][18][19] Despite these remarkable features, progress toward the development of practical MIBs has been impeded partly by the absence of suitable electrolytes that are compatible with Mg metal as the anode. [7,15,[20][21][22] Typically, common salts and organic solvent combinations like those used in LIBs and SIBs yield a Mg-ion-blocking film on the Mg metal anode. [7,[20][21][22][23][24] A promising way to circumvent this electrolyte issue involves the use of Mg alloy as the anode instead of pure Mg metal. Bismuth (Bi) and tin (Sn) are two promising candidate materials used as alloy-type MIB anodes, in which Mg is reversibly stored to make Mg 3 Bi 2 and Mg 2 Sn alloys, respectively. [1,[25][26][27] Unfortunately, state-of-the-art alloy-type MIB anodes can only be reversibly (dis)charged up to 200 cycles with acceptable capacity retention, [28] which is far below the 1000 cycles or more required for practical battery applications. In general, the capacity of MIB electrodes decays rapidly during cycling due to gradual material failure caused by massive volume expansions (up to 300%), and significant mechanical stresses, [27][28][29][30] which arise during solid-solid phase transformations. This occurs when a solid host MIB anode material (e.g., Bi, rhombohedral crystal structure) stores Mg to form a new solid phase material with a completely different crystal structure (e.g., β-Mg 3 Bi 2 , cubic crystal structure). [16,25] During the reverse process, Mg is removed from this new phase and transforms back to the initial host material. In doing so, the materials cracks and pulverizes into fragments, failing to restore its original shape and causing the battery to die within a few cycles. This issue represents a fundamental challenge in alloytype anodes. [31] In this work, we propose to overcome this challenge by taking advantage of the self-healing property of some Resources used in lithium-ion batteries are becoming more expensive due to their high demand, and the global cobalt market heavily depends on supplies from countries with high geopolitical risks. Alternative battery technologies including magnesium-ion batteries are therefore desirable. Progress toward practical magnesium-ion batteries are impeded by an absence of suitable anodes that can operate with conventional electrolyte solvents. Although alloy-type magnesium-ion battery anodes are compatible with common electrolyte solvents, they suffer from severe failure associated with huge volume ...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

High‐Rate and Long Cycle‐Life Alloy‐Type Magnesium‐Ion Battery Anode Enabled Through (De)magnesiation‐Induced Near‐Room‐Temperature Solid–Liquid Phase Transformation

Wang

Welborn

Kumar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Niu et al [ 165 ] have reported a dealloying strategy to synthesize nanoporous Bi–Sn alloys with high density of phase boundaries in the active mass. As illustrated in Figure 13 a, Mg–Bi–Sn precursor ribbons were first prepared by rapid solidification.…”

Section: Multi Elements Alloy Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloy Anode Materials for Rechargeable Mg Ion Batteries

Niu

Zhang

Aurbach

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries are interesting as one of the alternative metal ion battery systems to lithium ion batteries due to the wide availability and accessibility of magnesium in the earth's crust. On the one hand, electrolyte solutions in which Mg metal anodes are fully reversible are not suitable for the use of high voltage/high capacity transition metal oxide cathodes due to complex surface phenomena. On the other hand, Mg metal anodes cannot work reversibly in conventional electrolyte solutions in which high voltage/high capacity Mg insertion cathodes can work because of passivation phenomena that fully block them. Replacing Mg metal with alternative anodes that can work reversibly in conventional electrolyte solutions could provide a promising route to elaborate high voltage and high capacity rechargeable Mg battery systems. Herein, the recent progress in alloy anodes based on group IIIA, IVA, VA elements is summarized. The theoretical evaluations, achievable capacities, synthetic strategies, battery test configurations, electrochemical properties, and underlying reaction mechanisms are systematically summarized and discussed. The key issues and challenges impeding their current use are identified and some valuable suggestions for their future development as practical reversible anodes for Mg batteries are provided.

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“…The main eleven categories for the cathode materials are metal selenides [24,74], metal oxides [75][76][77][78][79][80], carbon [81][82][83][84], metal sulfides [85][86][87], Prussian blue [88], Mg-OMS-1 [89], polyoxometalate-(poly)pyrrole [90], MXene [91], metal phosphates [92,93] and magnesium octahedral molecular sieves [94]. Research in anode material is mainly focused on alloys [95][96][97][98]. We will use a selection of these material types to explain magnesium storage mechanisms.…”

Section: Magnesium-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reaction forms a passivating layer at its surface and preventing the reversible plating and stripping of Mg. One can avoid this layer formation by using magnesium-metal alloys. The materials explored for this application are bismuth nanocrystals, a magnesium/tin alloy [96,98], bismuth/tin alloy [95] and a biphase bismuth-tin film [97]. Out of these materials, only the bismuth nanocrystals have been tested as anode in a full battery cell.…”

Section: Metal Alloys As Anodes In Mg-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.

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Dual phase enhanced superior electrochemical performance of nanoporous bismuth-tin alloy anodes for magnesium-ion batteries

Cited by 93 publications

References 83 publications

High‐Rate and Long Cycle‐Life Alloy‐Type Magnesium‐Ion Battery Anode Enabled Through (De)magnesiation‐Induced Near‐Room‐Temperature Solid–Liquid Phase Transformation

High‐Rate and Long Cycle‐Life Alloy‐Type Magnesium‐Ion Battery Anode Enabled Through (De)magnesiation‐Induced Near‐Room‐Temperature Solid–Liquid Phase Transformation

Alloy Anode Materials for Rechargeable Mg Ion Batteries

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

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