Dual-polarity pulse processing and analysis for charge-loss correction in cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors

Abbene, L.; Gerardi, G.; Principato, F.; Bettelli, Manuele; Seller, P.; Veale, Matthew C.; Fox, Oliver; Sawhney, Kawal; Zambelli, N.; Benassi, G.; Zappettini, A.

doi:10.1107/s1600577518006422

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The charge loss is a result of a lower field region between pixels that results in additional charge trapping. This phenomenon has been studied previously in HEXITEC devices and is beyond the scope of this paper [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of the Uniformity of High-Flux CdZnTe Material

Veale

Booker

Cross

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Since the late 2000s, the availability of high-quality cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) has greatly increased. The excellent spectroscopic performance of this material has enabled the development of detectors with volumes exceeding 1 cm3 for use in the detection of nuclear materials. CdZnTe is also of great interest to the photon science community for applications in X-ray imaging cameras at synchrotron light sources and free electron lasers. Historically, spatial variations in the crystal properties and temporal instabilities under high-intensity irradiation has limited the use of CdZnTe detectors in these applications. Recently, Redlen Technologies have developed high-flux-capable CdZnTe material (HF-CdZnTe), which promises improved spatial and temporal stability. In this paper, the results of the characterization of 10 HF-CdZnTe detectors with dimensions of 20.35 mm × 20.45 mm × 2.00 mm are presented. Each sensor has 80 × 80 pixels on a 250-μm pitch and were flip-chip-bonded to the STFC HEXITEC ASIC. These devices show excellent spectroscopic performance at room temperature, with an average Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 0.83 keV measured at 59.54 keV. The effect of tellurium inclusions in these devices was found to be negligible; however, some detectors did show significant concentrations of scratches and dislocation walls. An investigation of the detector stability over 12 h of continuous operation showed negligible changes in performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of the Uniformity of High-Flux CdZnTe Material

Veale

Booker

Cross

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…5) and, therefore, charge sharing addition (CSA) is necessary to correctly estimate the total charge from the cathode strips. As previously demonstrated (Abbene et al, 2018b;Allwork et al, 2012;Brambilla et al, 2012;Bolotnikov et al, 1999;Gaskin et al, 2003;Kalemci & Matteson, 2002;Kim et al, 2011), CSA simply consists of a sum of the energies of the coincidence events among the collecting electrodes (cathode strips in our detectors). Fig.…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 86%

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

et al. 2020

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In the last two decades, great efforts have been made in the development of 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) detectors operating at room temperature for gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging. This work presents the spectroscopic performance of new high-resolution CZT drift strip detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) in collaboration with due2lab (Italy). The detectors (19.4 mm × 19.4 mm × 6 mm) are organized into collecting anode strips (pitch of 1.6 mm) and drift strips (pitch of 0.4 mm) which are negatively biased to optimize electron charge collection. The cathode is divided into strips orthogonal to the anode strips with a pitch of 2 mm. Dedicated pulse processing analysis was performed on a wide range of collected and induced charge pulse shapes using custom 32-channel digital readout electronics. Excellent room-temperature energy resolution (1.3% FWHM at 662 keV) was achieved using the detectors without any spectral corrections. Further improvements (0.8% FWHM at 662 keV) were also obtained through a novel correction technique based on the analysis of collected-induced charge pulses from anode and drift strips. These activities are in the framework of two Italian research projects on the development of spectroscopic gamma-ray imagers (10–1000 keV) for astrophysical and medical applications.

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“…of the electronics as the possible cause of charge losses. As presented in previous works (Abbene et al, 2018b;Bugby et al, 2019), the energy losses, clearly highlighted by the curvature of Fig. 9(a), can be recovered using a function which fits the experimental 2D scatter plot [ Fig.…”

Section: Charge-sharing Correctionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This technique was applied for coincidence events with m = 2. A detailed description of this correction technique is reported in previous work (Abbene et al, 2018b). Energy spectra at 40 keV are also presented in Fig.…”

Section: Charge-sharing Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors with sub-millimetre pixelization

Buttacavoli

Principato

Gerardi

et al. 2020

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) pixel detectors represent a consolidated choice for the development of room-temperature spectroscopic X-ray imagers, finding important applications in medical imaging, often as detection modules of a variety of new SPECT and CT systems. Detectors with 3–5 mm thicknesses are able to efficiently detect X-rays up to 140 keV giving reasonable room-temperature energy resolution. In this work, the room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick CZT pixel detectors, recently developed at IMEM/CNR of Parma (Italy), is presented. Sub-millimetre detector arrays with pixel pitch less than 500 µm were fabricated. The detectors are characterized by good room-temperature performance even at high bias voltage operation (6000 V cm−1), with energy resolutions (FWHM) of 3% (1.8 keV) and 1.6% (2 keV) at 59.5 keV and 122.1 keV, respectively. Charge-sharing investigations were performed with both uncollimated and collimated synchrotron X-ray beams with particular attention to recovering the charge losses at the inter-pixel gap region. High rate measurements demonstrated the absence of high-flux radiation-induced polarization phenomena up to 25 × 106 photons mm−2 s−1.

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Dual-polarity pulse processing and analysis for charge-loss correction in cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors

Cited by 28 publications

References 61 publications

Characterization of the Uniformity of High-Flux CdZnTe Material

Characterization of the Uniformity of High-Flux CdZnTe Material

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

Room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors with sub-millimetre pixelization

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