Dual–pump CARS for the simultaneous detection of N2, O2 and CO in CH4 flames

Beyrau, Frank; Datta, Amitava; Seeger, Thomas; Leipertz, Alfred

doi:10.1002/jrs.932

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result was expected because the maximum reported FWHM in Refs. [15][16][17][18][19][20] using the mixture of R610 and R640 was 10 nm. These results are presented in further detail in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a broadband dye laser using Pyrromethene and Rhodamine dyes

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A broadband dye laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser with a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) from 592 to 610 nm was created for the use in a dual-pump broadband CARS system called WIDECARS. The desired broadband dye laser was generated with a mixture of Pyrromethene dyes as an oscillator gain medium and a spectral selective optic in the oscillator cavity. A mixture of Rhodamine dyes were used in the amplifier dye cell. To create this laser a study was performed to characterize the spectral behavior of broadband dye lasers created with Rhodamine dyes 590, 610, and 640, Pyrromethene dyes 597 and 650 as well as mixture of these dyes.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a broadband dye laser using Pyrromethene and Rhodamine dyes

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a consequence, intermediates can be detected only if present in a comparatively high concentration i.e. in the order of about 1% as it is the case for carbon monoxide and hydrogen [129,[169][170][171]. For minor species detection i.e.…”

Section: Concentration Measurements and Thermometry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Kiefer

Ewart

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

131

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laser-based methods have transformed combustion diagnostics in the past few decades. The high intensity, coherence, high spectral resolution and frequency tunability available from laser radiation has provided powerful tools for studying microscopic processes and macroscopic phenomena in combustion by linear and nonlinear optical processes. This review focuses on nonlinear optical techniques based on resonant four-wave mixing for non-intrusive measurements of minor species in combustion. The importance of minor species such as reaction intermediates is outlined together with the challenges they present for detection and measurement in the hostile environments of flames, technical combustors, and engines. The limitations of conventional optical methods for such measurements are described and the particular advantages of coherent methods using nonlinear optical techniques are discussed.The basic physics underlying four-wave wave mixing processes and theoretical models for signal calculation are then presented together with a discussion of how combustion parameters may be derived from analysis of signals generated in various four-wave mixing processes. The most important four-wave mixing processes, in this context, are then reviewed:Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM), Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Laser Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) and Polarization Spectroscopy (PS). In each case the fundamental physics is outlined to explain the particular properties and diagnostic advantages of each technique. The application of the methods mentioned to molecular physics studies of combustion species is then reviewed along with their application in measurement of concentration, temperature and other combustion parameters. Related nonlinear techniques and recent extensions to the ultra-fast regime are briefly reviewed. Finally practical considerations relevant to multi-dimensional and multi-species measurements, as well as applications in technical combustion systems are discussed.Keywords: nonlinear optical spectroscopy, four-wave mixing, combustion diagnostics, minor species detection, laser-induced gratings, polarization spectroscopy IntroductionEnergy from renewable sources such as solar and wind power is the goal of much current research and technological development. Combustion, however, is and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future, the most important energy source for heat, electrical power and especially for transportation. In technical combustion systems the chemical energy of fossil fuels such as coal, crude oil and natural gas is converted into heat through oxidation with oxygen from air. However, fossil fuel resources are limited and alternatives like biofuels [1] or novel technologies such as fuel cells [2] are not yet able to meet the demand. Consequently, for a sustainable use of fossil fuels it is desirable to further improve the efficiency, maintainability and reliability of existing combustion devices. Achieving such improvements depends upon an improved understanding of t...

show abstract

“…This spectral range is twice as wide as a typical CARS broadband dye laser with a gain medium of Rhodamine dyes [3,5,6,8,9,10]. With WIDECARS, all probed species (N 2 , O 2 , H 2 , C 2 H 4 , CO, and CO 2 ) are measured simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kearney et al [5] and Beyrau et al [6] have measured many of the major species present in ethylene-and hydrogen-fueled combustion. Additionally, the Kearney et al system is capable of the needed dynamic temperature range in pure hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Width-Increased Dual-Pump Enhanced Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (WIDECARS)

Tedder

Danehy

Cutler

2010

27th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WIDECARS is a dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy technique that is capable of simultaneously measuring temperature and species mole fractions of N 2 , O 2 , H 2 , C 2 H 4 , CO, and CO 2 . WIDECARS is designed for measurements of all the major species (except water) in supersonic combustion flows fueled with hydrogen and hydrogen/ethylene mixtures.The two lowest rotational energy levels of hydrogen detectable by WIDECARS are H 2 S(3) and H 2 S(4). The detection of these lines gives the system the capability to measure temperature and species concentrations in regions of the flow containing pure hydrogen fuel at room temperature. OCIS codes: 120.1740, 300.6230. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20100017045 2019-04-04T06:21:37+00:00Z Optical Society of America 2 IntroductionThe design of air-breathing supersonic combustion engines is currently being facilitated by creating computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of turbulent supersonic combustion flow as in Ref [1]. To create and verify CFD models, time-resolved fundamental properties of turbulent supersonic combustion need to be measured. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) [2] is a nonintrusive laser-based measurement technique that can measure space-and timeresolved temperature and species concentrations. Studies of hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion flows were measured with a CARS system design by O'Byrne et al [3]. The CARS system developed by O'Byrne et al. can measure temperature and species mole fractions of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Typically CARS systems can only measure relative species concentrations, but because all the major species present in the combustion flow (except water) were measured, absolute concentration measurements could be made as discussed in Ref.3. Future studies are planned to revisit supersonic combustion flow with hydrogen fuel and a mixture of ethylene and hydrogen fuel. To fully characterize these flows, it is desirable to make measurements of as many properties as possible for the full range of conditions within the flow. In these flows, pure, room-temperature fuel is injected into the flow; therefore some regions of the flow will contain only room temperature fuel (hydrogen and or ethylene). The O'Byrne et al. CARS system is incapable of making measurements in pure, room temperature hydrogen as discussed in Ref [4]. The O'Byrne et al. system is not ideal for measuring combustion of an ethylene-hydrogen fuel mixture because it does not have the capability to measure any of the carbon species present in the flow (CO 2 , C 2 H 4 , and CO).Others have designed CARS systems that are closer to the desired measurement attributes for these flows. Kearney et al. [5] and Beyrau et al. [6] have measured many of the major species present in ethylene-and hydrogen-fueled combustion. Additionally, the Kearney et al. system is capable of the needed dynamic temperature range in pure hydrogen. Flores [7] designed a CARS system that can measure all major species in ethylene and hydrogen combustion except...

show abstract

Dual–pump CARS for the simultaneous detection of N₂, O₂ and CO in CH₄ flames

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Characteristics of a broadband dye laser using Pyrromethene and Rhodamine dyes

Characteristics of a broadband dye laser using Pyrromethene and Rhodamine dyes

Laser diagnostics and minor species detection in combustion using resonant four-wave mixing

Width-Increased Dual-Pump Enhanced Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (WIDECARS)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About