Dual-pump Raman amplification with increased flatness using modulation instability

Abstract

Abstract:The application of modulation instability-initiated nonlinear broadening of two CW pumps at different wavelengths, in order to achieve superior gain ripple performance in broadband Raman amplifiers, is demonstrated for the first time experimentally. A particular example using Truewave and LEAF fibers is offered, in which the 0.1 dB gain ripple band is extended from 5 nm to 19 nm. Experimental results are in a good agreement with numerical modeling. Guidelines for optimal broadening are discussed.

Fiber‐optic sensor active networking with distributed erbium‐doped fiber and Raman amplification

“…Distributed amplification can be performed either by employing lightly doped erbium fiber or by Raman amplification on standard fiber. Doped distributed fiber amplification has the benefit of low pump-power requirements, while the main benefit of distributed Raman amplification relies on the ability of using standard single-mode fiber, and the possibility to obtain a flatter gain profile [30][31][32]. Furthermore, the gain flatness of the Raman amplifier over its operational bandwidth can be improved by using several pumps [33] and it is also possible to control the Raman gain profile, the amplification bandwidth and the amplified spontaneous scattering (ASS) noise profile, which is the main kind of noise that is generated in Raman amplification.…”

Hybrid gain-flattened and reduced power excursion scheme for distributed Raman amplification

“…We believe that further optimization and application of various methods in distributed Raman amplification [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][1][2][3][4][5] will make it realistic to approach within a reasonable accuracy a cross-domain transparency in optical fiber spans.…”

A moment method analysis of the gain spectrum in bi-directionally pumped Raman amplifiers through continuous-spectrum radiation

“…The required spectral broadening of emission lines is achieved by using diode lasers without spectrally selective elements like narrowband mirrors or Brag grating. The emission bandwidths of diode lasers in the 14XXnm region without spectrally selective element can be in the range 10-15 nm [6][7][8]. Other methods, such as incoherent pumping [9,10] and highly non-linear fiber (HNLF) broadening [7,8,11], can also be applied to produce broadband pump sources.…”