Dual-purpose cropping: the opportunity for a step change in production in the temperate region of Australia

McGrath, Shawn; Thomas, Dean T.; Greer, Andrew W.

doi:10.1071/anv61n11_fo

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Further work is required to fine-tune grazing management to reduce grain yield losses. Financial analysis and modelling have demonstrated improved profitability and reduction in business risk (McGrath et al, 2021). Crop grazing strategies are used in Middle East/North Africa (Ceccarelli et al, 1999) but there is potential to expand their use in Sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Livestock Feed Innovations With Potential To Close Nutrient ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying circular economy principles to intensification of livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Duncan,

Ayantunde,

Blummel

et al. 2023

Outlook Agric

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In the context of sustainable agricultural development, much has been made of the need to apply agroecology or regenerative principles to improve rural livelihoods and to align the sector with critical planetary health boundaries. This movement is a reaction to the perceived private and social costs arising from both production and consumption associated with industrialised agriculture, mostly in upper-income countries, with several default assumptions being apparent about applicability elsewhere. The notion of circularity, or the circular economy, is frequently conflated with agro ecological rhetoric, often overlooking a longer tradition of circular resource use efficiency in traditional mixed crop–livestock farming in low-income settings. This paper examines the concept and origins of circularity and reviews some examples of historic circular economy research within the international agricultural research system as applied to smallholder agriculture. These include (i) studies focusing on the impact of crop residue retention, (ii) work on residue incorporation and/or mulching and their effects on crop yields and soil fertility, (iii) research on the effects of manure use on crop yields and soil fertility and (iv) work on the feeding of crop residues to livestock. We consider some promising innovations or practices adhering to circular economy principles. Candidate innovations focus on the improvement of livestock feeding practices including the breeding of dual-purpose crops to enhance livestock nutrition, conversion of cereal straw residues to high-quality feed, use of cassava waste as livestock feed and use of insects as livestock feed. We conclude by considering how circular bio-economy principles might be maintained in the future evolution of food systems in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Livestock Feed Innovations With Potential To Close Nutrient ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying circular economy principles to intensification of livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Duncan,

Ayantunde,

Blummel

et al. 2023

Outlook Agric

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“…If the foliage is mowed before the flowering stage, the stubble will regenerate and produce a second crop, which will eventually yield grain [12][13][14]. This practice can be utilized in implementing a dual-purpose cropping system, where the first crop is used for roughage and the subsequent second crop is used for concentrate (grains) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delaying the removal of forage achieves a high yield of roughage, but negatively affects the regrowth ability. In the case of rye, in order to obtain both high-nutrient foliage and a productive second crop, the tillering stage is considered to be the optimal time for defoliation [13][14][15]. Meanwhile previous attempts at the dual-purpose cropping system of rye were exclusively based on the assumption that the first crop would be utilized for grazing [14,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Defoliation Time on Rye Yield and Its Quality under Dual-Purpose Cultivation for Roughage and Concentrate Production

Akimoto,

Okamoto,

Yoshihira

2023

Agronomy

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A dual-purpose cultivation system allows cereals to produce both roughage and concentrate during one growing season. To establish a cultivation system for rye, the appropriate time for foliage mowing was determined to ensure a yield of nutrient-rich roughage from the first crop and abundant grain from the second crop. This is because the stage of growth at defoliation affects the yield and quality of both crops. The experimental rye line ‘4R-504’ was grown in two successive cropping seasons; 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Foliage was mowed at three different growth stages: the booting stage (BT), the early-heading stage (EH), and the fully heading stage (FH). Along with the growth stage, the plants grew taller, and the highest dry matter yield in the first crop was observed in FH (757 g m−2), which was 1.5 times higher than that in BT (480 g m−2). Although the nutritional value was higher in plants harvested at an earlier growth stage, the EH and FH plants showed a higher dry matter yield, resulting in a higher production of metabolizable energy per area. Plants that had been mowed earlier regrew vigorously and produced an abundant amount of grains in the second crop. BT showed the highest grain yield of 239 g m−2, which corresponds to 60% of the yield from the unmowed control. FH produced grains of only 76 g m−2, which barely met the requirement of the dual-purpose cropping system. To enhance the nutritional yield of roughage, it is recommended to harvest the first crop at the early heading stage. Conversely, to achieve a higher grain yield, defoliation should be carried out during the booting stage.

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“…One proposed solution to address the challenges of commercial adzuki bean production in Australia is by adopting a dual-purpose approach known as the "grain and graze" cropping system [5]. In this system, the adzuki bean crop serves both as livestock fodder and for seed harvest [6,7]. Typically, the crop is grazed during the vegetative stage and then 2 of 15 allowed to regrow before being harvested at maturity, although the reverse approach of harvesting the seed at maturity and then allowing livestock to graze the residual stubble can also be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Stems and Leaves of Australian Adzuki Bean

Johnson,

Batley,

Neupane

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Adzuki bean has recently been proposed as a viable dual-purpose (grain-and-graze) crop for the Northern regions of Australia because of its successful use in semi-arid regions and its nitrogen fixation capacity to improve soil fertility and animal nutrition. However, there are very few studies on the phytochemical composition and nutritional value of the non-seed material. This study investigated the phenolic composition of the parts grown in the vegetative phase (leaves and stems) of nine Australian adzuki bean varieties for the first time. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the stem material (157–406 mg GAE/100 g) was 23–217% higher than that of commercial livestock feed, while the TPC of the leaf material (1158–1420 mg GAE/100 g) was 9–11 times higher. Using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the major phenolic compounds identified were rutin, luteolin, salicylic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. The leaf and stem materials showed high levels of apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility, with no significant difference in total gas or methane production compared to lucerne hay. The results suggest that adzuki bean vegetative materials could be a high-value livestock fodder and support pursuing further in-depth studies into their nutritional value for livestock.

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Dual-purpose cropping: the opportunity for a step change in production in the temperate region of Australia

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Applying circular economy principles to intensification of livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Applying circular economy principles to intensification of livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa

Effect of Defoliation Time on Rye Yield and Its Quality under Dual-Purpose Cultivation for Roughage and Concentrate Production

Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Stems and Leaves of Australian Adzuki Bean

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