The self-assembly and stimuli-responsive properties of
nanogel
poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAm)) and zwitterion-modified
nanogel poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-sulfobetainemethacrylate) (p(NIPAm-co-SBMA)) were
explored by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Simulation
results reveal that for both types of nanogel, it is beneficial to
form spherical nanogels at polymer concentrations of 5–10%.
When the chain length (L) elongates from 10 to 40,
the sizes of the nanogels enlarge. As for the p(NIPAm) nanogel, it
shows thermoresponsiveness; when it switches to the hydrophilic state,
the nanogel swells, and vice versa. The zwitterion-modified nanogel
p(NIPAm-co-SBMA) possesses thermoresponsiveness and
ionic strength responsiveness concurrently. At 293 K, both hydrophilic
p(NIPAm) and superhydrophilic polysulfobetaine methacrylate (pSBMA)
could appear on the outer surface of the nanogel; however, at 318
K, superhydrophilic pSBMA is on the outer surface to cover the hydrophobic
p(NIPAm) core. As the temperature rises, the nanogel shrinks and remains
antifouling all through. The salt-responsive property can be reflected
by the nanogel size; the volumes of the nanogels in saline systems
are larger than those in salt-free systems as the ionic condition
inhibits the shrinkage of the zwitterionic pSBMA. This work exhibits
the temperature-responsive and salt-responsive behavior of zwitterion-modified-pNIPAm
nanogels at the molecular level and provides guidance in antifouling
nanogel design.