Dual Tinting Dynamic Windows Using Reversible Metal Electrodeposition and Prussian Blue

Islam, Shakirul M.; Barile, Christopher J.

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b13942

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…And hence, ion storage layers were also used as counter electrodes besides the traditional ITO electrodes. [19,39,40,42,43] Another RME reaction at counter electrode is also reported. [8,25,26,34,53,54] It is easily noticeable that, to achieve reversible electrodeposition, the electrolyte solution must contain an appropriate reductive species (indicated by blue balls in Figure 2b), which remain stable after oxidation.…”

Section: Working Principles and Structure Of Rmedsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Therefore, bistability is necessary for RMEDs applied to smart windows. Excellent bistability was obtained in RMEDs based on Bi-Cu deposition, [25,26,28,34,39] and attempts have been made to improve the open-circuit stability of Agbased RMEDs to avoid unnecessary power consumption. [40][41][42][43] The idea of using RMEDs to modulate IR radiation was originally proposed in 2008.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Devices: An Emerging Approach to Effective Light Modulation and Thermal Management

Tao

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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light-emitting devices. Chromogenic materials and devices are widely used in smart windows and paper-like displays, particularly electrochromic materials, which can be actively and reliably controlled because they only respond to electrical stimuli. [11][12][13][14][15] Reversible metal electrodeposition device (RMED) is a novel type of electrochromic devices that can switch from transparent to opaque state by the electrodeposition of a metal layer onto the transparent electrode, and switch back to transparent state by the dissolution of the metal layer. The appearance and disappearance of the metal layer cause the color change of RMEDs. They take advantage of the unique optical properties of thin metal films with different thicknesses and morphologies to allow for excellent light modulation, thermal management, and display effects. The switchability of electrochromic devices between not only transparent and tinted states (including black, red, yellow, blue, etc.) but also the mirror state is advantageous, because this allows them to choose the optimal working mode as desired, and thus to function more effectively for multiple tasks. Owing to its high extinction coefficient, a thin metal film with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers would be completely opaque and highly reflective like bulk metals. [16] Research has also shown that the reflectance of RMEDs in the visible and infrared (IR) regions can reach ≈100% [17] and 90%, [18] respectively. Because RMEDs utilize the reversible deposition of metals to change their color, without a fixed electrochromic layer, their structure would be much simpler than that of typical electrochromic devices. The wide reflectance modulation range and simple device structure of RMEDs render them distinct from other electrochromic devices. The best performance reported for RMEDs are listed in Table 1.In the last century and the first decade of the 21th century, sustained efforts have been invested to apply the reversible electrodeposition mechanism to display devices. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In recent years, research on RMEDs has been progressing owing to their potential applications in energy-saving fields, especially in light modulation [8,[25][26][27][28] and thermal management. [18,29,30] Ag, Bi, and Cu are the most widely studied metals for reversible electrodeposition because of their high reversibility and the use of hazard-free electrolytes. The reversible electrodeposition of Au, [31] Zn, [32] Pb [8] and other metals is rarely reported due to their poor reversibility or the need for hazardous electrolytes.The reversible metal electrodeposition device (RMED) is a novel electrochromic application that utilizes the appearance and disappearance of a metal layer to achieve spectrum control. A thin metal film with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers would be highly reflective in the visible and infrared region, making it an ideal material to achieve light and heat modulation. Because of their outstanding spectrum control ability, RMEDs can be applied to displays, smart ...

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Section: Working Principles and Structure Of Rmedsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Devices: An Emerging Approach to Effective Light Modulation and Thermal Management

Tao

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…The aqueous solution for electrodeposition was prepared according to the previous reports. [15,19] In a typical procedure, PB film was electrodeposited on the ITO glass by applying a constant current density (−15 µA cm −2 ) for 12, 16, or 20 min in an aqueous electrolyte containing 5 mm FeCl 3 , 5 mm K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ], and 200 mm KCl. For the flexible and the large-area windows, ITOcoated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (≈10 ohms sq −1 ) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass (≈7 ohms sq −1 ) were used as working electrodes, respectively.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Pb Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the fact that the anodic tinting property enables the windows to be colored during the daytime, PB is considered to be the most promising electrochromic material candidate for solar‐charging smart windows. Most importantly, unlike other anodically coloring electrochromic materials (e.g., NiO, Co 3 O 4 ) which are sensitive to alkaline electrolytes, [ 19 ] PB is highly compatible with mild electrolytes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13,15] Although the PB electrochromic film lacks color neutrality, the counter bare glass provides an opportunity to design a more color-neutral window. For example, combining the color-neutral-tinting reversible metal deposition technique with PB electrochromic film, [19] or using color-neutral electrochromic film (e.g., NiO) as the counter electrode may produce a neutral-color window. [31] After supplying electrical energy to light a 0.5 V regulated LED, the optical transmission of the bleached window increases to 71.7% (at 632.8 nm, blue line in Figure 3b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent Zinc‐Mesh Electrodes for Solar‐Charging Electrochromic Windows

2020

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smart windows commercialization must overcome the challenges posed by slow switching speed, nonuniform switching processes, optical contrast, and energy consumption as the device is scaled up. Consequently, having an inexpensive new energy-efficient and high optical contrast electrochromic platform with a rapid and uniform switching process is a welcomed opportunity that will accelerate the development and commercialization of large-scale electrochromic smart windows. Simultaneously, the development of such an large-scale electrochromic platform would further advance the abovementioned applications using electrochromic technologies. In a conventional electrochromic smart window, the requirement of an external energy source brings about a few drawbacks, including complicated installation, increased cost, and offsetting energy savings. [9,10] To overcome these issues, several efforts have been devoted to the implantation of photovoltaic (PV)-electrochromic window systems. [11] As schematically shown in Figure 1a, the PV device provides the needed electrical energy, via the photoelectron conversion of light photons, to operate the electrochromic smart window. [12] Although this configuration eliminates the need for an external power source, the electrical wiring is quite elaborate as it requires control circuitry to manage the current and voltage that power the electrochromic window. [10] The solar-generated power consumed by the electrochromic window renders this system far from being an energy-efficient platform. Furthermore, in a normal operation requiring active sunlight regulation, the electrochromic window needs to be colored during the day and bleached at night or during sunlight intermittency. However, unless the electrical energy is stored in an external energy storage unit (e.g., battery), the lack of solar electrical power source to bleach the electrochromic window at night or during sunlight intermittency at daytime introduces another significant challenge to this PV-electrochromic window platform. [9] Recently, we reported on a new and fundamentally different class of ECDs which facilitates the ability to efficiently retrieve the consumed energy while preserving the natural electrochromic characteristics. [2,13,14] In these devices (defined as zincanode-based electrochromic device, ZECD), an aqueous electrolyte compatible zinc anode is used as the counter electrode. Most importantly, due to the redox potential difference between Newly born zinc-anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs), incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions in a single transparent platform, represent the most promising technology for next-generation transparent electronics. As the existing ZECDs are limited by opaque zinc anodes, the key focus should be on the development of transparent zinc anodes. Here, the first demonstration of a flexible transparent zincmesh electrode is reported for a ZECD window that yields a remarkable electrochromic performance in an 80 cm 2 device, including rapid switching times (3.6 and ...

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A Dual‐Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode‐Based and Rocking‐Chair Electrochromic Devices

Zhang

Elezzabi

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking-chair fashion if it can inherently self-discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual-mode electrochromic platform having self-coloring and self-bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly-designed Prussian blue (PB)-WO 3 rocking-chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO 3 /PB electrodes endow the self-color-switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn 2+ /K + , it is further shown that the colored PB-WO 3 rocking-chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual-mode light-control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built-in voltage of the dualmode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self-powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors.

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Dual Tinting Dynamic Windows Using Reversible Metal Electrodeposition and Prussian Blue

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Devices: An Emerging Approach to Effective Light Modulation and Thermal Management

Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Devices: An Emerging Approach to Effective Light Modulation and Thermal Management

Transparent Zinc‐Mesh Electrodes for Solar‐Charging Electrochromic Windows

A Dual‐Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode‐Based and Rocking‐Chair Electrochromic Devices

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