Dual use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and smoked tobacco: a qualitative analysis

Robertson, Lindsay; Hoek, Janet; Blank, Mei‐Ling; Richards, Rosalina; Ling, Pamela; Popova, Lucy

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054070

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recently published © 2019 Health Promotion Agency qualitative research indicates many smokers struggle with completely switching to e-cigarettes. 19 However, a recent populationbased online survey in the UK found that current dual users are more motivated to quit compared with individuals who previously used e-cigarettes. 20 The same study also found dual users to be less dependent on cigarettes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, studies have found users' difficulties with the devices has hindered their cessation efforts. 19 Furthermore, while use of e-cigarettes alone is likely to be far less harmful than smoking combustible tobacco or dual use of combustible tobacco and e-cigarettes, it is still not risk-free and long-term harms are unclear. Consequently, follow-up advice on how to reduce e-cigarette consumption is also required in order to encourage the eventual cessation of e-cigarettes altogether.…”

Section: Implications For Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco in New Zealand from a nationally representative sample

Oakly

Martin

2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: There is strong interest in the use of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) globally. Not much is known about the dual use of e‐cigarettes and combustible tobacco cigarettes, or if there are demographic differences among dual users and e‐cigarette only users. This paper reports on the demographics of dual users and e‐cigarette only users in New Zealand in a nationally representative sample. Methods: The Health and Lifestyles Survey (HLS) is a biennial face‐to‐face in‐house survey of New Zealand adults aged 15 years or over. The HLS was completed by 3,854 participants in 2016. Results: There is clear evidence of significant dual use in the current sample: most current e‐cigarette users (63.9%) were dual users. Respondents 45 years and older were twice as likely to be dual users as those aged 15 to 34 years. Conclusion: The current study found evidence for substantial dual use of e‐cigarettes and combustible tobacco cigarettes among adult e‐cigarette users, particularly among users aged 45 years and over. Implications for public health: Public health initiatives should provide clear advice that e‐cigarettes should be used as a smoking cessation tool and not as a way to allow the consumption of combustible tobacco to continue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco in New Zealand from a nationally representative sample

Oakly

Martin

2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…Half (50.6%) of current e-cigarette users were also current cigarette (conventional) smokers. Conventional smokers may concurrently use e-cigarettes, for example, to reduce or stop smoking, circumvent some smoke-free policies, or comply with social norms (37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Use Of Other Forms Of Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Prevalence of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States: Disparities by Education and Race/Ethnicity

Sauer

Siegel

Jemal

et al. 2019

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

138

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Overall cancer death rates in the United States have declined since 1990. The decline could be accelerated by eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities in major risk factors and screening utilization. We provide an updated review of the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors, screening, and vaccination for U.S. adults, focusing on differences by educational attainment and race/ethnicity. Individuals with lower educational attainment have higher prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors and lower prevalence of screening versus their more educated counterparts. Smoking prevalence is 6-fold higher among males without a high school (HS) education than female college graduates. Nearly half of women without a college degree are obese versus about one third of college graduates. Over 50% of black and Hispanic women are obese compared with 38% of whites and 15% of Asians. Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening utilization is 20% to 30% lower among those with

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“…Many vapers have no plans to quit but rather use ECs to circumvent smoke-free policies or to maintain a similar habit as part of their daily routine. Thus, they do not t the strict inclusion criteria of RCTs as regards frequency of EC use, type of CC, dose or duration (15,25,57). Thus, the use of RCTs or the selection of subgroups with good prognostic outcomes does not re ect real-world use (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the few occasional smokers at t1 who persistently used ECs at t1 and t2 (n = 17) had signi cantly increased their smoking by 26 CC more per week than never-vapers. This could indicate that EC use may reinforce smoking-like behaviour (6,57), which could result in heavier CC use among occasional smokers. On the other hand, following the recommendations of Villanti et al (20), some but not all vapers with the best prognosis for our desired outcomes signi cantly reduced CC use by more than 20 cigarettes a week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette Use for Smoking Reduction and Cessation in a Four-year Follow-up Study Among Young Swiss Men: Some may Benefit, but they are Few.

Gmel¹,

Wicki²,

Marmet³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundRandomised controlled trials have shown some benefits to using e-cigarettes (ECs) to facilitate smoking reduction and cessation, but real-world observational studies have rarely confirmed this. The present study looked at EC use and smoking during a four-year longitudinal study of young men. It compares general population findings with a subgroup of individuals with a good prognosis for quitting smoking. MethodsThe smoking habits of 5353 young men at t1 (average 21.3 years old) were defined as either never-smoker, ex-smoker, initiates, relapsed smoker or persistent smoker. At follow-up (t2), smoking status was analysed using logistic regression, differences in the number of cigarettes smoked by persistent t1/t2 smokers were analysed using mixed linear models and the number of quit attempts was analysed using negative binomial models. ResultsAt the general population level, EC use had no beneficial effects on reducing or ceasing smoking. Non-smokers (never- and ex-) and smokers at t1 were more likely to be smokers at t2 if they had begun to use ECs (e.g. among persistent smokers OR=4.56, 95% CI [2.75, 7.58]), but not-significantly so if they had already used ECs at t1. Among smokers at t1, almost daily EC use at t1 was associated with a non-significant reduction in smoking at t2 (OR=0.74, 95% CI [0.33, 1.65]), but occasional EC use significantly increased smoking at t2 (OR=3.05, 95% CI [2.29, 4.06]). Both daily and occasional EC use increased smoking at t2 among t1 non-smokers. T2 smokers made more attempts to quit when using ECs at t2 (IRR=1.53, 95% CI [1.26, 1.85]). Beneficial effects were found among a subgroup of EC users with a good prognosis for quitting (using nicotine liquids and at least 2nd generation ECs, motivation to quit and daily EC use at t2, but not t1). ConclusionSome smokers may have benefitted from using ECs, but they were few. At the general population level, ECs are not predominantly used in a way, which might optimise reducing or ceasing smoking. Therefore, the public health effect on the general population of using ECs may be questionable, as may policy measures to facilitate EC use.

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Dual use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and smoked tobacco: a qualitative analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 36 publications

Dual use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco in New Zealand from a nationally representative sample

Dual use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco in New Zealand from a nationally representative sample

Current Prevalence of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States: Disparities by Education and Race/Ethnicity

E-cigarette Use for Smoking Reduction and Cessation in a Four-year Follow-up Study Among Young Swiss Men: Some may Benefit, but they are Few.

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