Dual-wavelength erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser

In-fiber measurement of the erbium-doped ZBLAN 4I13/2 state energy transfer parameter

“…After Gorjan's paper, Jackson et al tested the weakly and strongly interacting regimes on multiple published laser output specifications, and found that modelling these outputs agreed with the weakly interacting regime with fibers from 1 to 8 mol% [9]. Since the mid 2010s, generally a pragmatic, qualitative approach to energy transfer has been applied, with low doping regimes (< 1 mol%) used to suppress energy transfer [10][11][12], and high doping regimes (> 6 mol%) used to enhance it [13,14]. Numerical models choose W11 numbers in the weakly interacting regime [7,15,16], but likely due to the high fiber-to-fiber variability of parameters [12] measuring specific energy transfer parameters has not been attempted.…”