Duality of serotonin-N-acetyltransferase in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): molecular cloning and characterization of recombinant enzymes

Zilberman-Peled, Bina; Benhar, Itai; Coon, Steven L.; Ron, Benny; Gothilf, Yoav

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.05.007

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The distribution of the AANAT-2 transcript in the goldfish displays an intense signal in pineal, as occurs in pike and trout Coon et al, 1999), the gilthead seabream (Zilberman-Peled et al, 2004) and the sole (Isorna et al, 2009). Moreover, as occurs in zebrafish (Gothilf et al, 1999), a positive signal for AANAT-2 transcript is also found in goldfish retina, in spite of the general acceptance that Aanat-2 is more specifically expressed in the pineal organ of teleost (Klein, 2007, Falcon, 2009.…”

Section: Distribution Of Aanat-2 and Hiomt-2 Mrna In Goldfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A highly conserved feature in vertebrates is the daily rhythmic pattern of MEL synthesis, which is determined by rhythms in AANAT activity, protein amount and, in some cases, gene expression, resulting in a nocturnal increase of this neurohormone (Iuvone et al, 2005, Klein, 2007. Pineal and retinal expression of Aanats has been reported in several teleost adults Zilberman-Peled et al, 2004;2006) and in photoreceptive organs of embryos of chum salmon (Shi et al, 2004), turbot (Vuilleumier et al, 2007) and in the sole (Isorna et al, 2009), and a species-dependent expression pattern has been evidenced. In contrast to avian and mammals, where only a single Aanat gene has been identified, two Aanat subfamilies (Aanat-1 and Aanat-2) exist in teleost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MELATONIN-SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN PINEAL, RETINA, LIVER, AND GUT OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS): mRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN AND REGULATION OF DAILY RHYTHMS BY LIGHTING CONDITIONS

Velarde

Cerdá‐Reverter

Alonso-Gómez

et al. 2010

Chronobiology International

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(MAX 350 WORDS)Melatonin is currently proposed to be synthesized in non-photosensitive organs of vertebrates, besides its well-known sites of synthesis, the pineal gland and the retina.However, very few studies have demonstrated gene expression of MEL synthesizing enzymes in extrapineal and extraretinal locations. In the present study, present study focuses on the circadian expression of the two key enzymes of the melatoninergic pathway, the AANAT and the HIOMT in central and peripheral locations of the goldfish we give report of the full-length cloning of the two enzymes catalyzing the final steps of melatonin biosynthesis, the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and the hydroxyindole-Omethyltransferase (HIOMT), in a teleosts fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Both enzymes showed high similarity with other teleost sequences, corresponding to the goldfish AANAT-2 and HIOMT-2. Two forms of AANATs were widely known to exist in teleosts, but this is the first time that two isoforms of HIOMT are deduced from a phylogenetic analysis.Both enzymes were detected in several peripheral locations, including liver and gut, being present results the first to find HIOMT in non-photosensitive structures of a fish species. No studies exist on transcriptional regulation of the expression of MEL biosynthesis enzymes in non photosensitive structures in fish The daily expression pattern of both genes in pineal gland, retina, liver and gut was investigated using quantitative real time RT-PCR and cosinor analysis. This is the first time that a rhythmic expression of AANAT and HIOMT are found in digestive tissues of a vertebrate species, supporting a functional melatonin synthesis pathway in liver and gut of the goldfish. Besides, the transcriptional regulation of Aanat-2 in pineal and peripheral locations of goldfish maintained under different lighting conditions was investigated expression of gAANAT-2 is analyzed under different lighting conditions including continuous light and darkness, revealing, as expected, light-dependent rhythms in pineal gland and retina, but also in liver. Nevertheless, the persistence in hindgut of these Aanat-2 rhythms in constant conditions suggests that the expression of this transcript is under circadian clock and entrained by non-photic cues. Our results reinforce the existence of melatonin synthesis in gut and liver of the goldfish, while the rhythmic expression profiles reported point to a regulation of both genes in gut and liver by peripheral oscillators entrainable to non-photic cues.

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Section: Distribution Of Aanat-2 and Hiomt-2 Mrna In Goldfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MELATONIN-SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN PINEAL, RETINA, LIVER, AND GUT OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS): mRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN AND REGULATION OF DAILY RHYTHMS BY LIGHTING CONDITIONS

Velarde

Cerdá‐Reverter

Alonso-Gómez

et al. 2010

Chronobiology International

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“…However, two have been found in teleost fishes: AANAT-1, which is homologous to the nonfish AANATs, is expressed primarily in the fish retina; AANAT-2 is expressed primarily in the fish pineal organ Coon et al, 1999;Benyassi et al, 2000;Falcón et al, 2003;Zilberman-Peled et al, 2004). These two AANAT genes presumably arose from a whole genome duplication early in teleost evolution Woods et al, 2005).…”

Section: A Third Aanat Gene In Percomorph Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies of AANAT-2 and AANAT-1a indicate that AANAT-1a acetylates a broad range of substrates with similar avidity, and has a lower Km than AANAT-2, which exhibits relatively higher specificity and a higher Km for indole-ethylamines than AANAT1a , Benyassi et al, 2000Zilberman-Peled et al, 2004).…”

Section: A Third Aanat Gene In Percomorph Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AANAT functions to control melatonin synthesis in some vertebrate retinas; however, it has been proposed that it also plays a role in the retina in arylalkylamine detoxification (Coon et al, 2002). A single AANAT gene occurs in mammalian, avian and anuran genomes; fish have been reported to have two isoforms, AANAT-1 and AANAT-2, preferentially expressed in the retina and pineal gland, respectively Coon et al, 1999;Benyassi et al, 2000;Falcón et al, 2003;Zilberman-Peled et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase: Emergence and divergence

Coon

Klein

2006

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

106

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The melatonin rhythm-generating enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is known to have recognizable ancient homologs in bacteria and fungi, but not in other eukaryotes. Analysis of new cDNA and genomic sequences has identified several additional homologs in other groupings. First, an AANAT homolog has been found in the genome of the cephalochordate amphioxus, representing the oldest homolog in chordates. Second, two AANAT homologs have been identified in unicellular green algae. The homologs in amphioxus, unicellular green algae, fungi and bacteria are similarly primitive in that they lack sequences found in vertebrate AANATs that are involved in regulation and that facilitate binding and catalysis. In addition, all these sequences are intronless. These features are consistent with horizontal transfer of the AANAT ancestor from bacteria to green algae, fungi and chordates. Lastly, a third AANAT gene has been found in teleost fish, suggesting that AANAT genes serve multiple functions in addition to melatonin synthesis.

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Moonlight affects mRNA abundance of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase in the retina of a lunar‐synchronized spawner, the goldlined spinefoot

Kashiwagi

Park

et al. 2013

J. Exp. Zool.

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Melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland and retina shows a rhythmic fashion with high levels at night and is controlled by a rate-limiting enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). A previous study revealed that moonlight suppresses the plasma melatonin levels of the goldlined spinefoot (Siganus guttatus), which exhibits a lunar cycle in its reproductive activity and repeats gonadal development toward and spawning around the first quarter moon. Whether the retina of this species responds to moonlight is unknown. To clarify the photoperceptive ability of this species, we aimed to clone the full-length cDNA of Aanat1 (sgAanat1) from the retina and examine its transcriptional pattern under several daylight and moonlight regimes. The full-length sgAanat1 cDNA (1,038 bp) contained a reading frame encoding a protein of 225 amino acids, which was highly homologous to AANAT1 of other teleosts. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that among the tissues tested, sgAanat1 fragments were expressed exclusively in the retina. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that sgAanat1 fluctuated with high abundance at night under light-dark cycle and at subjective night under constant darkness, but not under constant light. These results suggest that sgAanat1 is regulated by both the external light signal and internal clock system. The abundance of sgAanat1 in the retina was higher at the culmination time around new moon than full moon phase. Additionally, exposing fish to brightness around the full moon period suppressed sgAanat1 mRNA abundance. Thus, moonlight is perceived by fish and has an impact on melatonin fluctuation in the retina.

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Duality of serotonin-N-acetyltransferase in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata): molecular cloning and characterization of recombinant enzymes

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

MELATONIN-SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN PINEAL, RETINA, LIVER, AND GUT OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS): mRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN AND REGULATION OF DAILY RHYTHMS BY LIGHTING CONDITIONS

MELATONIN-SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES IN PINEAL, RETINA, LIVER, AND GUT OF THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS): mRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN AND REGULATION OF DAILY RHYTHMS BY LIGHTING CONDITIONS

Evolution of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase: Emergence and divergence

Moonlight affects mRNA abundance of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase in the retina of a lunar‐synchronized spawner, the goldlined spinefoot

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