Duck immunoglobulins: Structure, functions and molecular genetics

Higgins, David; Warr, Gregory W.

doi:10.1080/03079459308418916

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…These have been attributed to the structure of the major serum immunoglobulin (Ig), the IgY(D Fc) (previously called 5. 7S IgG), that lacks the C3 and C4 heavy chain domains and hence resembles a F(ab)2 fragment (Grey, 1967a;Magor et al, 1992Magor et al, , 1994Higgins & Warr, 1993). Paradoxically, this molecule sometimes expresses more efficient secondary functions than the structurally complete IgY (previously called 7.8S IgG) (Grey, 1967b;Higgins, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duck antibody responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, human immunoglobulin G and the trinitrophenyl hapten. Evidence of affinity maturation

Higgins¹,

Ko²,

Chan³

2001

Avian Pathology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duck antibody responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, human immunoglobulin G and the trinitrophenyl hapten. Evidence of affinity maturation

Higgins¹,

Ko²,

Chan³

2001

Avian Pathology

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“…Since activation of CCP, opsonization and sensitization of tissues for anaphylaxis are properties requiring the Fc component of the immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, it is common to attribute the duck' s de® ciencies in these effector mechanisms to the IgY(D Fc), which predominates during the later stages of the Ab response and lacks the Cu 3 and Cu 4 domains occurring in the full-length IgY (Higgins & Warr, 1993). However, duck Abs are also commonly de® cient in agglutination and precipitation (Higgins & Warr, 1993), properties requiring multivalency but generally believed to be independent of the Fc. Notwithstanding the inferred inef® ciencies in the activation of duck CCP by Abs, it remains likely that duck ACP plays an important role in protection against infectious diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complement system of the duck

Koppenheffer¹,

Chan²,

Higgins³

1999

Avian Pathology

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Antibody (Ab)-dependent and -independent activation of the duck complement (C9 ) system were studied. Ab-independent C9 activity exhibited characteristics similar to those of the mammalian alternative C9 pathway (ACP), including the selective lysis of rabbit erythrocytes (RRBC), a requirement for Mg 2 1 , but not Ca 2 1 , depletion of activity by zymosan, and lack of sensitivity to the mammalian C1 inhibitor carrageenan. Measurement of C9 activity using antisera against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) revealed that duck Abs activate C9 by a pathway resembling the mammalian classical pathway (CCP) requiring both Ca 2 1 and Mg 2 1 . Ab-dependent and -independent activities were further distinguishable by their kinetics of lysis and sensitivities to heat. Duck Abs were also found to activate C9 in normal and carrageenantreated serum by a mechanism that requires only Mg 2 1 , and thus resembles the ACP. However, this Ab-dependent ACP-like activity exhibits patterns of ionic strength dependence and ontogeny which are clearly different from those of the conventional ACP and CCP. These ® ndings indicate that duck C9 can be activated by three mechanisms: Ab-mediated activation of the CCP, and Ab-mediated and Ab-independent activation of the ACP. Duck Ab responses to SRBC and RRBC were followed by direct agglutination, antiglobulin agglutination, and activation of the CCP and ACP. While the C9 -activating abilities of duck anti-SRBC Abs persisted through a 3-month programme of inoculation, the anti-RRBC response lost its ability to activate C9 after 2 weeks.

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“…False results given by the agglutination tests may be due to structural differ-ences in wildfowl immunoglobulins which render them less efficient at secondary activities such as agglutination of antigen (Zimmerman et al, 1971, Toth & Norcross, 1981aHiggins & Warr, 1993). Although such responses may be weak, Sari & Thain (1983) showed that this response could be enhanced when agglutination testing for antibodies to Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A comparison and evaluation of techniques for diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in wildfowl

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYTo control the epizootic of avian tuberculosis within the collections of captive wildfowl of The Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust an efficacious vaccine and a reliable diagnostic test are required.A number of potential diagnostic tests were compared for sensitivity and specificity using a flock of 178 feral barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) at The Wildfowl and Wetland Trust's centre at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. Evaluations were made of: serodiagnosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); agglutination of a suspension of killed Mycobacterium avium using both whole blood and serum; and haematological analysis.Necropsy findings confirmed the ELISA to be sensitive and specific, and capable of detecting the disease even at an early stage. The agglutination tests were quick and easy to perform although a number of false positives and negatives did occur. The haematological analysis was found to be less sensitive. ELISA and agglutination tests are now being used to screen the birds in the collections.

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Duck immunoglobulins: Structure, functions and molecular genetics

Cited by 44 publications

References 84 publications

Duck antibody responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, human immunoglobulin G and the trinitrophenyl hapten. Evidence of affinity maturation

Duck antibody responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, human immunoglobulin G and the trinitrophenyl hapten. Evidence of affinity maturation

The complement system of the duck

A comparison and evaluation of techniques for diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in wildfowl

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