2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.10.017
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Duct occurrence and characteristics for Bulgarian Black sea shore derived from ECMWF data

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Cited by 24 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…The coastal zone is characterized by changes in duct height and Mdeficit as one goes from the shore to the sea and vice versa. The correct assessment of propagation conditions in those zones requires knowledge of meteorological data along the entire propagation path [16,18]. The horizontal resolution in the case of range-dependent profiles is still to be determined for the specific area.…”
Section: Unresolved Issues and Possible Source Of Errorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The coastal zone is characterized by changes in duct height and Mdeficit as one goes from the shore to the sea and vice versa. The correct assessment of propagation conditions in those zones requires knowledge of meteorological data along the entire propagation path [16,18]. The horizontal resolution in the case of range-dependent profiles is still to be determined for the specific area.…”
Section: Unresolved Issues and Possible Source Of Errorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Above mentioned models and tools are accompanied with increasing improvement in lower troposphere refractivity and sea state estimation/analysis in different area of the world and sophisticated refractive environmental modeling including inversion techniques [15][16][17][18][19]. In [18] are summarized the last 20 years field campaigns for data collection whereas [19] reviews previous work in estimating the atmospheric conditions from electromagnetic measurements which assures real-time tracking of atmospheric parameters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the meteorological element fields in the atmospheric boundary layer are variable, and the resultant abnormal propagation conditions will seriously affect the regular operation and performance evaluation of radio devices [1][2][3]. Notably, the trapping structures formed in the states of temperature and humidity inversion, i.e., tropospheric ducts, can make the radio waves propagate towards the ground, resulting in the occurrence of over-the-horizon propagation [4,5]. For example, the ground clutters caused by super refraction at a lower radar elevation angle can degrade the quality of weather radar products potentially [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Manjula et al [1] used high-resolution vertical and temporal radiosonde measurements to study the diurnal variation in ducting over the Indian tropical region. Sirkova [2] reported on the occurrence and properties of tropospheric ducts along the Bulgarian shore of the Black Sea. Kaissassou et al [3] used six years (2006-2011) of situ measurements of temperature, moisture, and pressure made by the Agency for the Safety of Air Navigation in Africa and Madagascar to determine the conditions for surface ducts over the Ngaoundere region.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%