Ducted Fuel Injection: Experimental and numerical investigation on fuel spray characteristics, air/fuel mixing and soot mitigation potential

Millo, Federico; Piano, Andrea; Paradisi, Benedetta Peiretti; Postrioti, Lucio; Pieracci, Luca; Bianco, Andrea; Pesce, Francesco Concetto; Vassallo, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119835

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As presented in Table , compared to other optical diagnostic methods, the distinguishing characteristic of the schlieren imaging method is that the gas–liquid two-phase image can be detected simultaneously. Hence, the schlieren imaging method has been widely used to study the gas flow and spray characteristics in academia. − The evolution of the spray was captured by a high-speed camera (Fastcam SA1.1), which is capable of acquiring images of “768 × 768 pixels at 10,000 frames per second (FPS)” and “512 × 512 pixels at 20,000 FPS”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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To reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles powered by gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, increasing the fuel injection pressure has been one promising approach. However, a comparison of macroscopic characteristics between gasoline and ethanol from a GDI injector under an ultrahigh injection pressure of more than 50 MPa has not been reported. The experimental study presented in this paper can provide some new and valuable information about comparing and analyzing the macroscopic characteristics of gasoline and ethanol spray from a GDI injector in both front and side views under injection pressures of 10 and 60 MPa. The experimental results show that compared to ethanol, gasoline spray has a slight advantage in L S (penetration of whole spray), L C (penetration of core region of spray), θ S (spray cone angle), and R I (irregularity of spray boundary) under both P I (injection pressure) = 10 MPa and P I = 60 MPa, which would promote a more homogeneous mixture of air and fuel. Furthermore, the advantage of gasoline in θ S is more pronounced under P I = 60 MPa. At the end of injection, S S (area of whole spray) of gasoline is around 2% larger than ethanol, while its advantage in S C (area of core region of spray) can be around 5%. With the increase of P I from 10 to 60 MPa, a marked increase of R S (the ratio of S C to S S ) and R I indicates that atomization and air−fuel mixture homogeneity can be significantly improved for both gasoline and ethanol spray. Besides, a minor revision to the Dent model helps achieve a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy of L S for both gasoline and ethanol spray under injection pressures of 10 and 60 MPa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…34 This model was selected due to its reliability and several studies have proven how this model effectively mimics experimental results for applications similar to this study. 32,35 The wall heat transfer calculations were conducted using the following equations:…”

Section: Computational Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Investigation of Engine Heat Transfer with Ducted Fuel Injection

Şener

Nilsen

Biles

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is an innovative method that curtails or prevents soot formation in direct-injection compression-ignition engines. DFI uses a simple duct, positioned outside each injector hole, facilitating the fuel/charge gas mixing before ignition. This reduces the equivalence ratio below two, in the autoignition zone, which in turn decreases soot formation. But this method also reduces fuel-conversion efficiency. This study investigates the effects of DFI on in-cylinder heat transfer. Experiments with conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and DFI were performed at four different dilution levels. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out at conditions matching those of the experiments, and the simulations were validated by the experimental data. The CFD simulations enabled to examine of in-cylinder heat release and temperature distributions. The heat transfer to the piston, head, and cylinder was investigated. The results show that DFI increased the heat transfer to the walls compared to CDC under the same conditions. This could help explain why DFI has been observed to reduce fuel-conversion efficiency by approximately 1% (absolute) relative to CDC under certain conditions. The efficiency loss typically decreases with dilution, such that DFI can improve fuel-conversion efficiencies relative to CDC at higher dilution levels.

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“…Also, the initial boundary conditions from those studies including injection rate profile and outer cone angle are missing. 23–26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of multi-hole diesel injectors spray under evaporating conditions: Effects of adjacent spray plumes on the macroscopic and mixture characteristics of target spray

Safiullah

Ray

Nishida

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Previously, diesel sprays of multi-hole injectors were simulated in an environment where only a single spray plume was simulated. Although boundaries were declared as symmetry, the impact of aerodynamic forces between spray plumes was always neglected. In the present work, all spray plumes of diesel injectors are simulated in a cylindrical box mesh considering external effects including umbrella angle, space between nozzle holes, and hole length to hole diameter ratio. To examine the nozzle hole size effect, two 10-hole diesel injectors with hole diameters of 0.101 and 0.133 mm are investigated under 120 MPa injection pressure. Likewise, to understand the effect of injection pressure, the 0.101 mm hole diameter injector is studied under 120 and 140 MPa rail pressures. In experiments, Laser Absorption Scattering diagnostic technique is applied to visualize the vapor phase, measure mixture concentration and characterize air entrainment. Since Diesel fuel does not absorb UV light, Tracer fuel with the composition of 97.5% of n-tridecane and 2.5% α-Methylnaphthalene is used. On the contrary, sprays are simulated in the Eulerian-Lagrangian two-phase fluid framework using KHRT Breakup and Multicomponent Evaporation models. Parameters such as injection rate and initial spray trajectory angle are measured experimentally and used as input for the spray simulation. Computational results correspond with experiments particularly in terms of Penetration and Equivalence Ratio while Spray Angle deviates.

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Ducted Fuel Injection: Experimental and numerical investigation on fuel spray characteristics, air/fuel mixing and soot mitigation potential

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

A Computational Investigation of Engine Heat Transfer with Ducted Fuel Injection

Evaluation of multi-hole diesel injectors spray under evaporating conditions: Effects of adjacent spray plumes on the macroscopic and mixture characteristics of target spray

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