Ductile nanocellulose-based films with high stretchability and tear resistance

Spoljaric, Steven; Luong, Nguyen Dang; Seppälä, Jukka V.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.019

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, the film strength and elastic properties could be improved by using strength or plasticizing additives such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), sorbitol, etc. (Herrera et al 2017;Hubbe et al 2017a, b;Spoljaric et al 2015).…”

Section: Film Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensions

et al. 2021

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High-consistency processing of fibrillated cellulose materials is attractive for commercial applications due to potential for lowered production costs, energy savings and easier logistics. The current work investigated structure–property relationships of fibrillated cellulose suspensions produced at 20% consistency using VTT HefCel (High-consistency enzymatic fibrillation of cellulose) technology. Morphological examination of the fibrillated materials revealed that enzymatic action on the cellulose substrates was not a direct function of enzyme dosage but rather was dependent on the raw material composition. Furthermore, shear viscosity of the HefCel suspensions was found to decrease with increasing enzyme dosage while the water retention increased. The shear viscosity followed power law relationship with the power law index varying in the range 0.11–0.73. The shear-thinning behavior decreased with increasing consistency. Moreover, suspension viscosity ($$\upmu$$ μ ) was found to be highly dependent on the consistency ($$\mathrm{c})$$ c ) as $$\upmu \sim {\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{m}}$$ μ ∼ c m , with $$\mathrm{m}$$ m ranging from 2.75 to 4.31 for different samples. Yield stress (τy) of the HefCel suspensions was measured at 7 and 10% consistencies. The performance of the fibrillated cellulose grades in a typical application was demonstrated by casting films, which were characterized for their mechanical properties. Graphic abstract

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Section: Film Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensions

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to the tensile properties, tear resistance also plays an important role in the mechanical properties of a blown film [32]. The tear resistance includes tear initiation and tear propagation resistance.…”

Section: Tear Propagation Resistance Of Blown Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncompatibilized PBAT/PLA Blends: Manufacturability, Miscibility and Properties

Duhme

Kopitzky

2020

Materials

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Polymer blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactide (PLA) have been drawn attention due to the application potential as packaging or agricultural films. This study aims to determine the manufacturability, miscibility and mechanical properties of uncompatibilized PBAT/PLA blends prepared using different techniques. First, PBAT and PLA are melt-blended in a wide range of ratios from 90/10 to 10/90. The compounds are then processed into pressed panels, flat films and blown films. Finally, the thermal, morphological, rheological and mechanical properties of these blends are investigated. PBAT/PLA blends have a small difference of solubility parameters, predicting theoretically good miscibility. However, they show two almost unchanged glass transition temperatures in the DSC, phase separation in SEM and two relaxation mechanisms in the Cole–Cole plot. The phase morphology varies depending on both the blend ratios and the preparation techniques. Tensile tests indicate that with increasing PLA content the elongation at break decreases. A good correlation between the elongation at break and the tear propagation resistance is found. Furthermore, the trouser tear method is proven to be more applicable to differentiate highly extensible blown films compared with the Elmendorf tear method.

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“…However, although CHNS analysis can be used to prove C, O, and H bond modification, XPS is preferred for that particular situation as the modified C's in the sample can be identified more exclusively. Researchers have used CHNS to verify the degree of substitution of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified CNC, 153 degree of bisphosphonate modification of phosphonated nanocellulose, 154 verify aminosilane functionalization of CNCs, 155 peptide incorporation levels on CNCs from cotton, 156 glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride modified CNFs, 157 animation of a microfibrillated cellulose, 158 verification of poly(propylene carbonate)-coatings on nanofibrillated cellulose glycerol, 159 and azo dye adsorption onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose. 160 The third case is when attempting to measure the degree of chemical leeching in polymers containing CNMs when the leachate contains C, H, N, S, or O, such as when investigating organic chemical leaching outside of polymer solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

et al. 2018

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A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.

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Ductile nanocellulose-based films with high stretchability and tear resistance

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensions

Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensions

Uncompatibilized PBAT/PLA Blends: Manufacturability, Miscibility and Properties

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

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