Ductile sliding between mineral crystals followed by rupture of collagen crosslinks: Experimentally supported micromechanical explanation of bone strength

Fritsch, Andreas; Hellmich, Christian; Dormieux, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.05.021

Cited by 176 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…(67) Fritsch and colleagues have proposed layered water-induced ductile sliding of minerals followed by rupture of collagen cross-links based on a continuum micromechanics model, upscaled for elastic properties and then applied to a multiscale representation of bone materials. (68) A multiscale model summarizing toughening mechanisms has been proposed by Ritchie. (65) Toughness is a measure of energy dissipation and cannot be easily estimated in an anisotropic material.…”

Section: Energy Dissipation In Bone and Fracture Toughening Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Material Properties in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Bishop

2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Osteogenesis imperfecta entrains changes at every level in bone tissue, from the disorganization of the collagen molecules and mineral platelets within and between collagen fibrils to the macroarchitecture of the whole skeleton. Investigations using an array of sophisticated instruments at multiple scale levels have now determined many aspects of the effect of the disease on the material properties of bone tissue. The brittle nature of bone in osteogenesis imperfecta reflects both increased bone mineralization density-the quantity of mineral in relation to the quantity of matrix within a specific bone volume-and altered matrix-matrix and matrix mineral interactions. Contributions to fracture resistance at multiple scale lengths are discussed, comparing normal and brittle bone. Integrating the available information provides both a better understanding of the effect of current approaches to treatment-largely improved architecture and possibly some macroscale toughening-and indicates potential opportunities for alternative strategies that can influence fracture resistance at longer-length scales.

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Section: Energy Dissipation In Bone and Fracture Toughening Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Material Properties in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Bishop

2016

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…However, the size and complexity of the structure of mineralized collagen fibrils make it challenging to understand the nanoscale mechanisms governing the fibril mechanics. Other studies based on analytical models have uncovered some key mechanistic features of mineralized tissues where experiments reach their limits, shedding some light on the role of mineral platelets in material strengthening 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. These models help link the nanostructure of the tissue to the organ's mechanical response by integrating some levels of the complex hierarchical structure of bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content

Dépalle

Qin

Shefelbine

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Mineralized collagen fibrils are composed of tropocollagen molecules and mineral crystals derived from hydroxyapatite to form a composite material that combines optimal properties of both constituents and exhibits incredible strength and toughness. Their complex hierarchical structure allows collagen fibrils to sustain large deformation without breaking. In this study, we report a mesoscale model of a single mineralized collagen fibril using a bottom‐up approach. By conserving the three‐dimensional structure and the entanglement of the molecules, we were able to construct finite‐size fibril models that allowed us to explore the deformation mechanisms which govern their mechanical behavior under large deformation. We investigated the tensile behavior of a single collagen fibril with various intrafibrillar mineral content and found that a mineralized collagen fibril can present up to five different deformation mechanisms to dissipate energy. These mechanisms include molecular uncoiling, molecular stretching, mineral/collagen sliding, molecular slippage, and crystal dissociation. By multiplying its sources of energy dissipation and deformation mechanisms, a collagen fibril can reach impressive strength and toughness. Adding mineral into the collagen fibril can increase its strength up to 10 times and its toughness up to 35 times. Combining crosslinks with mineral makes the fibril stiffer but more brittle. We also found that a mineralized fibril reaches its maximum toughness to density and strength to density ratios for a mineral density of around 30%. This result, in good agreement with experimental observations, attests that bone tissue is optimized mechanically to remain lightweight but maintain strength and toughness. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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“…The multi-step homogenization scheme based on micromechanics and adopted in this study, however, enables the inclusion of as many phases as required and could also represent the porosity of the lacunar-canalicular network. For example, lacunar porosity was considered in multiscale models for bone strength [53] vascular pore system in bone [54]. Our present choice to take, as mechanical stimulus, the strain energy density in the extravascular bone matrix, is consistent with our approach to let the cells always deposit bone matrix of the same quality, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%