Due South: The evolutionary history of Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Tritoniidae nudibranchs

Moles, Juan; Berning, Maria I.; Hooker, Yuri; Padula, Vinícius; Wilson, Nerida G.; Schrödl, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107209

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Very few benthic marine taxa have been recorded to span this region except a sea star (Moore et al 2018), a brittle star (Galaska et al 2017), sea spiders (e.g. Linse et al 2006;Munilla and Membrives 2009;Dietz et al 2019), an isopod species (Leese et al 2010) and a tritoniid nudibranch (Moles et al 2021). Most of these species have a dispersive larval stage except for the isopod that has had long-distance dispersal linked to rafting.…”

Section: Evidence For Dispersal Across the Polar Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these species have a dispersive larval stage except for the isopod that has had long-distance dispersal linked to rafting. Additionally, the only directly developing nudibranch example listed is Tritonia vorax, a sub-Antarctic species that has been recorded from the Southern South American continental shelf and South Georgia in the Scotia Arc (Moles et al 2021). All of these individuals or populations, unless already in deep water, also overcame the temperature gradient at the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) (3-4°C) that differentiates the SO from more northerly oceans (see Park et al 2014).…”

Section: Evidence For Dispersal Across the Polar Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, very few Antarctic marine studies have sampled widely enough to assess whether benthic Antarctic invertebrates are truly circumpolar (but see Allcock et al 2011;Arango et al 2011;Hemery et al 2012;Moore et al 2018;Moles et al 2021). Most studies are restricted by the logistical challenges that occur when sampling such a vast and remote ecosystem.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

et al. 2022

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The Antarctic marine environment, although rich in life, is predicted to experience rapid and significant effects from climate change. Despite a revolution in the approaches used to document biodiversity, less than one percent of Antarctic marine invertebrates are represented by DNA barcodes and we are at risk of losing biodiversity before discovery. The ease of sequencing mitochondrial DNA barcodes has promoted this relatively ‘universal’ species identification system across most metazoan phyla and barcode datasets are currently readily used for exploring questions of species-level taxonomy. Here we present the most well-sampled phylogeny of the direct-developing, Southern Ocean nudibranch mollusc, Doris kerguelenensis to date. This study sampled over 1000 new Doris kerguelenensis specimens spanning the Southern Ocean and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene. Results of a maximum likelihood phylogeny and multiple subsequent species delimitation analyses identified 27 new species in this complex (now 59 in total). Using rarefaction techniques, we infer more species are yet to be discovered. Some species were only collected from southern South America or the sub-Antarctic islands, while at least four species were found spanning the Polar Front. This is contrary to dispersal predictions for species without a larval stage such as Doris kerguelenensis. Our work demonstrates the value of increasing geographic scope in sampling and highlights what could be lost given the current global biodiversity crisis.

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Section: Evidence For Dispersal Across the Polar Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Dispersal Across the Polar Frontmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

et al. 2022

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“…Excluding marine megafauna and migratory seabirds, very few taxa overcome this barrier throughout the Southern Ocean. The few exceptions include benthic marine taxa such as a sea star (Moore et al, 2018 ), six brittle star morpho‐species (Galaska et al, 2017a ; O'Hara et al, 2013 ), approximately ~68 sea spider species (Dietz et al, 2019 ; Munilla & Membrives, 2009 ), an isopod species (Leese et al, 2010 ), and a tritoniid nudibranch (Moles et al, 2021 ). These examples are predominately of animals with a known dispersive larval stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Doris “kerguelenensis” (Nudibranchia) species span the Antarctic Polar Front

Maroni

Wilson

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Despite strong historical biogeographical links between benthic faunal assemblages of the Magellan region of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, very few studies have documented contemporary movement and gene flow in or out of the Southern Ocean, especially across the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). In fact, oceanographic barriers such as the APF and Antarctica's long geologic isolation have substantially separated the continents and facilitated the evolution of endemic marine taxa found within the Antarctic region. The Southern Ocean benthic sea slug complex, Doris “kerguelenensis,” are a group of direct‐developing, simultaneous hermaphrodites that lack a dispersive larval stage. To date, there are 59 highly divergent species known within this complex. Here, we provide evidence to show intraspecific genetic connectivity occurs across the APF for multiple species within the D. “kerguelenensis” nudibranch species complex. We addressed questions of genetic connectivity by examining the phylogeographic structure of the three best‐sampled D. “kerguelenensis” species and another three trans‐APF species using the protein coding mtDNA gene, cytochrome oxidase I. We also highlight alternative refugia uses among species with the same life history traits (i.e., benthic and direct developers) and for some species, extremely large distributions are established (e.g., circumpolarity). By improving our sampling of these nudibranchs, we gain better insight into the population structure and connectivity of the Antarctic region. This work also demonstrates how difficult it is to make generalizations across Antarctic marine species, even among ecologically‐similar, closely related species.

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“…Specifically, these two species should not have to be considered a cryptic species (which display no obvious morphological differences) but are referred to as "unrecognized biodiversity" having clear diagnostic morphological characters (e.g., the number of spines on abactinal plates, spine length, as well as differences in marginal plates and marginal spines) that has escaped previous detection [35]. This pattern of unrecognized species diversity is common in the SO (e.g., [46][47][48][49]) and many authors have highlighted the efficiency of integrated molecular and morphological techniques as a fundamental explorative tool to unravel marine biodiversity (e.g., [50,51]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Barcoding Effort Reveals Taxonomic Incongruences in Iconic Ross Sea Sea Stars

et al. 2022

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The Southern Ocean is one of the most exposed regions to climate-related changes on our planet. Better understanding of the current biodiversity and past speciation events, as well as implementation of conservation actions and accurate identification of organisms to species level in this unique environment, is fundamental. In this study, two species of sea stars, Odontaster roseus Janosik & Halanych, 2010 and Odontaster pearsei Janosik & Halanych, 2010, are reported for the first time from the Terra Nova Bay area (TNB, Ross Sea, Antarctica) by using a combination of molecular (DNA barcoding) and morphological (coloration and skeletal features) analyses. Molecular results agree with external morphological characters of the two identified species, making occurrence in the area unequivocal. The two species were recently described from the Antarctic Peninsula, and went unnoticed for a long time in TNB, possibly having been confused with O. meridionalis (E.A. Smith, 1876), with which they share a bright yellow coloration. This latter species seems to be absent in the Ross Sea. Thus, the past literature referring to O. meridionalis in the Ross Sea should be treated with caution as these “yellow morphs” could be one of the two recently described species or even orange–yellow morphs of the red-colored congeneric O. validus Koehler, 1906. This work highlights the paucity of knowledge even in purportedly well-studied areas and in iconic Antarctic organisms.

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Due South: The evolutionary history of Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Tritoniidae nudibranchs

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

Multiple Doris “kerguelenensis” (Nudibranchia) species span the Antarctic Polar Front

Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Barcoding Effort Reveals Taxonomic Incongruences in Iconic Ross Sea Sea Stars

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