Dune sand transport as influenced by wind directions, speed and frequencies in the Ordos Plateau, China

Liu, L.Y.; Skidmore, E. L.; Hasi, Eerdun; Wagner, Larry E.; Tatarko, John

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.005

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The magnitude of wind speed is one of the main factors influencing dust emission, transport and deposition processes (Pye, 1987;Liu et al, 2005). Dry soil particles were uplifted from the surface by aerodynamic forces under strong winds, generating dust emission.…”

Section: Distribution Of Maximum Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry soil particles were uplifted from the surface by aerodynamic forces under strong winds, generating dust emission. The uplift of particles or initiation of wind erosion generally occurs at wind speeds above 7 m s −1 (Saxton et al, 2000;Sharratt et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2015). Figure 6 presents the spatial distribution of maximum wind speed above 7 m s −1 under the observed synoptic conditions in East Asia at the meteorological stations during 2-7 May 2017.…”

Section: Distribution Of Maximum Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East Asia during 2–7 May 2017. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring measurements from Chinese cities and East Asian meteorological observation stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration was above 1000 µg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 µg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot, Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over 8.35 million km2, or 87 % of the Chinese mainland, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and 20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an altitude of 1.5–3.5 km, whereas simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 and 5.3 Tg of aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from the East Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to 10−5 µg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from 104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its impact on continental China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the North Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as those observed in early May 2017 may lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.

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Section: Distribution Of Maximum Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Maximum Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

et al. 2018

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“…6 must be multiplied by f E . Whereas the terrestrial f E ≈ 10% typically (1,44), the value of f at a given location on Mars, for example, can be estimated from missions' data on the average frequency and duration of the strongest wind gusts, during which u * > u * t at that location (40,42). Furthermore, if the right-hand-side of Eq.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dune formation under bimodal winds

Parteli

Durán

Tsoar

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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The study of dune morphology represents a valuable tool in the investigation of planetary wind systems-the primary factor controlling the dune shape is the wind directionality. However, our understanding of dune formation is still limited to the simplest situation of unidirectional winds: There is no model that solves the equations of sand transport under the most common situation of seasonally varying wind directions. Here we present the calculation of sand transport under bimodal winds using a dune model that is extended to account for more than one wind direction. Our calculations show that dunes align longitudinally to the resultant wind trend if the angle θ w between the wind directions is larger than 90 • . Under high sand availability, linear seif dunes are obtained, the intriguing meandering shape of which is found to be controlled by the dune height and by the time the wind lasts at each one of the two wind directions. Unusual dune shapes including the "wedge dunes" observed on Mars appear within a wide spectrum of bimodal dune morphologies under low sand availability.pattern formation | critical phenomena | aeolian transport | erosion and sedimentation T he majority of the world's sand dunes are formed by winds blowing from more than one wind direction: bimodal winds, which oscillate seasonally between two main directions, are typical of the largest sand deserts of our planet (1-7). Whereas the well-known barchans and transverse dunes appear under unimodal winds for low and high sand availability on the ground, respectively, seif dunes ( Fig. 1) are the prevailing dune type under bimodal wind regimes. These dunes form in the absence of vegetation and align parallel to the resultant wind trend, developing a sharp crest which explains the term "seif" ("sword" in Arabic) and an intriguing meandering shape which has challenged geomorphologists for decades. In recent years, understanding the dynamics of seif dunes has become an issue of major interest also for planetary scientists: fields of seif dunes occur seldom on Mars (8, 9), which led to the hypothesis that Mars wind systems are essentially unidirectional. Is the appearance of seif dunes, indeed, related to the wind regime only? Moreover, are seif dunes the only dune type shaped by bimodal winds? The results of the present work provide insights into these challenging questions.It is still unknown whether other factors rather than wind directionality could also be relevant for dune alignment (10, 11) and which factors determine the meandering shape of seif dunes. Besides, very little is known about the dune morphology resulting from bimodal winds under conditions of low sand availability. In spite of many theoretical advances in the past, a model that solves both the three dimensional equations of aeolian sand transport and computes the evolution of dunes under bimodal wind regimes was lacking (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).In the present work, we extend a well-developed and tested dune model (18,19) to investigate the formation of dunes under bimodal wind r...

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“…Sandy land development is a process affected by many factors such as abundant sand source, grain size distribution, wind regime, vegetation, soil surface moisture, and human activities [32][33][34][35]. In the Qinghai Lake watershed, the decline of the lake water level and shrinking of the lake body provided enormous exposed sediments for Aeolian erosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and sandy land development in Qinghai Lake Watershed, China

Sun

Liu

et al. 2008

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China

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The Qinghai Lake Watershed, containing the largest saline lake in northwest of China, has suffered from severe sandy land development in recent years. This paper analyzes its daily precipitation, temperature, and wind from 1958 to 2001, and the spatial and temporal distributions of sandy land through the interpretation of remote sensing images covering four years (1977, 1987, 2000, and 2004). Results showed that since the middle of the 1960s, the daily precipitation (P) of 0 , P ( 5 mm decreased, while the P . 20 mm increased significantly (S , 0.05) in their annual total amounts and days. The maximum daily precipitation also increased significantly. Both the maximum dry spell and the total dry spell of more than ten days had a significant upward trend. Since the beginning of the 1960s, all the extremely high, extremely low and mean temperatures increased significantly (S , 0.01), at a rate of 0.1uC/10a, 0.2uC/10a, and 0.2uC/10a, respectively. The days with extremely high temperature had a significant upward trend, while the days with extremely low temperature had a significant downward trend. The Qinghai Lake was significantly shrinking (S , 0.01) and provided abundant sediments for Aeolian erosion. The NNW wind prevailed in the watershed, and the largest scale wind was from the west and concentrated on the dry months. As a result, the sandy land was mainly born on the east bank of Qinghai Lake. The total sandy land area in the watershed had grown from 587.4 km 2 , 660.7 km 2 , 697.6 km 2 to 805.8 km 2 , accordingly, its area percentage growing from 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4% to 2.7%, respectively.

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Dune sand transport as influenced by wind directions, speed and frequencies in the Ordos Plateau, China

Cited by 65 publications

References 25 publications

East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region

Dune formation under bimodal winds

Climate change and sandy land development in Qinghai Lake Watershed, China

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