Duodenal availability of conjugated linoleic acids after supplementation to dairy cow diets

Pappritz, Julia; Lebzien, Peter; Meyer, Ulrich; Jahreis, Gerhard; Kramer, Ronny; Flachowsky, Gerhard; Dänicke, Sven

doi:10.1002/ejlt.201100170

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Investigating the duodenal availability of the same lipid-encapsulated CLA supplement, Pappritz et al [42] showed protection rates of 16% and 5% after providing 3 and 8 g/d of t 10, c 12-CLA, respectively, and assumed an impaired rumen protection due to the pelleting process. Because we used the same conditions for preparing of the CLA supplement, it is most likely that unprotected CLA serve as potential substrates for microbial alterations and, consequently, lead to elevated concentrations of t -18:1 acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation

et al. 2013

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BackgroundConjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in general, and in particular the trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12-CLA) isomer are potent modulators of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Studies in rodents, such as mice, have revealed that t10,c12-CLA is responsible for hepatic lipodystrophy and decreased adipose tissue with subsequent changes in the fatty acid distribution. The present study aimed to investigate the fatty acid distribution of lipids in several body tissues compared to their distribution in milk fat in early lactating cows in response to CLA treatment. Effects in mammary gland are further analyzed at gene expression level.MethodsTwenty-five Holstein heifers were fed a diet supplemented with (CLA groups) or without (CON groups) a rumen-protected CLA supplement that provided 6 g/d of c9,t11- and t10,c12-CLA. Five groups of randomly assigned cows were analyzed according to experimental design based on feeding and time of slaughter. Cows in the first group received no CLA supplement and were slaughtered one day postpartum (CON0). Milk samples were taken from the remaining cows in CON and CLA groups until slaughter at 42 (period 1) and 105 (period 2) days in milk (DIM). Immediately after slaughter, tissue samples from liver, retroperitoneal fat, mammary gland and M. longissimus (13th rib) were obtained and analyzed for fatty acid distribution. Relevant genes involved in lipid metabolism of the mammary gland were analyzed using a custom-made microarray platform.ResultsBoth supplemented CLA isomers increased significantly in milk fat. Furthermore, preformed fatty acids increased at the expense of de novo-synthesized fatty acids. Total and single trans-octadecenoic acids (e.g., t10-18:1 and t11-18:1) also significantly increased. Fatty acid distribution of the mammary gland showed similar changes to those in milk fat, due mainly to residual milk but without affecting gene expression. Liver fatty acids were not altered except for trans-octadecenoic acids, which were increased. Adipose tissue and M. longissimus were only marginally affected by CLA supplementation.ConclusionsDaily supplementation with CLA led to typical alterations usually observed in milk fat depression (reduction of de novo-synthesized fatty acids) but only marginally affected tissue lipids. Gene expression of the mammary gland was not influenced by CLA supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation

et al. 2013

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“…Pappritz et al. () investigated the duodenal availability of a lipid‐encapsulated CLA preparation, which was also used in the present trial. The authors observed, based on intakes of 8 g/day trans ‐10, cis ‐12 CLA, that only 5% of CLA were available in the duodenum, indicating an unexpectedly low rumen protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conjugated linoleic acids have been associated with a modified rumen fermentation pattern as indicated by an altered profile of short‐chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary supplemented CLA increased starch degradation and reduced rumen microbial protein synthesis (Pappritz et al., ). Consequently, CLA may influence rumen parameters like rumen pH (RpH) and rumen temperature (RT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using rumen probes to examine effects of conjugated linoleic acids and dietary concentrate proportion on rumen pH and rumen temperature of periparturient dairy cows

Petzold

Meyer

Spilke

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The study aimed to examine the influence of supplemented conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) to periparturient cows receiving different concentrate proportions antepartum on rumen pH (RpH) and rumen temperature (RT). Twenty pregnant German Holstein cows were equipped with rumen probes for continuous RpH and RT measurement in a frequency of 15 min to investigate effects of dietary concentrate and CLA around parturition and the impact of parturition itself on RpH and RT. Cows had ad libitum access to partial mixed rations, 3 weeks prior to calving until day 7 post-partum. Antepartum, cows received 100 g/day control fat (CON) or CLA supplement, either in low (20%; CON-20, CLA-20) or high concentrate diet (60%; CON-60, CLA-60). Post-partum, concentrate proportion was adjusted to 50% while fat supplementation continued. Compared with adapted feeding, high concentrate proportions antepartum tended to increase DMI and reduced RpH. Groups CON-60 and CLA-60 spent more than 4 h per day below RpH 5.6 during late pregnancy, indicating the presence of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). The RT remained unaffected antepartum. Before calving, cows spent less time below RpH 5.6 and SARA could be detected in each group post-partum. Mean RpH increased slightly antepartum, whereas few hours before parturition a sharp decrease in RpH could be observed, accompanied with increased RT. Overall, it seems that CLA supplementation influences RpH and RT. Bearing in mind that rumen parameters fluctuate during day and herd level must be known, rumen probes for continuous RpH and RT measurement could be a useful management tool for animal health surveillance and may also help to predict parturition.

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“…Daily duodenal dry matter flow (DMF) was calculated according to Pappritz et al. ():

DMF (\frac{kg}{d}) = (\frac{\frac{application of {Cr}_{2} O_{3} in mg}{cow false/ normald}}{{Cr}_{2} O_{3} in duodenal chyme ()(, \frac{mg}{g} DM)}) / 1000

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formulas of Schafft (), GfE () and Pappritz et al. () were used to calculate the flow of rumen‐undegraded feed protein (RUP), rumen‐degradable crude protein (RDP), microbial organic matter (mOM), ruminal nitrogen balance (RNB) and ruminal fermented organic matter (FOM):

RUP (\frac{g}{d}) = 6.25 * [NAN (\frac{g}{d}) - microbial N (\frac{g}{d})] - EP (\frac{g}{d})

RDP (\frac{g}{d}) = CP intake (\frac{g}{d}) - RUP (\frac{g}{d})

mOM (\frac{kg}{d}) = 11.8 * microbial N (\frac{kg}{d})

RNB (\frac{g}{d}) = \frac{()(, CP intake ()(, \frac{normalg}{normald}) - uCP ()(, \frac{normalg}{normald}))}{6.25}

\begin{matrix} FOM (\frac{kg}{d}) = \\ OM intake (\frac{kg}{d}) - [duodenal O...] \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids

Schäfers¹,

Meyer²,

Soosten³

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Vitamin E (Vit. E) is discussed to influence ruminal biohydrogenation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a Vit. E supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal microbial protein synthesis as well as ruminal organic matter fermentation. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Vit. E supplementation on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and protozoa concentrations in the rumen and, in addition, on transfer rates of middle-chain and long-chain fatty acids into the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen and duodenum fistulated German Holstein cows were assigned to either a group receiving 2,327 IU/d Vit. E (138.6 IU/kg DM DL-α-tocopherylacetate; n = 4) or a control group (23.1 IU/kg DM; n = 4). Neither ruminal protein synthesis nor organic matter fermentation was influenced by treatment. Vit. E did not act on the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and protozoa in rumen fluid. Duodenal flow of C13:0 (1.3 versus 0.2 g/d, p = 0.014) and iso-C14:0 (1.0 versus 0.5 g/d, p = 0.050) was higher in the Vit. E group. We observed a trend for higher duodenal flows for C12:0 (1.6 versus 0.9 g/d, p = 0.095) and anteiso-C15:0 (12.2 versus 8.9 g/d, p = 0.084). Transfer rate of C12:0 tended to be higher in the Vit. E group (125.61 versus 73.96, p = 0.082). No other transfer rates were affected by treatment. Further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of Vit. E on rumen microbiota and their fatty acid production as well as on the impact of different doses of Vit. E supplementation on variables of protein synthesis efficiency.

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Duodenal availability of conjugated linoleic acids after supplementation to dairy cow diets

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation

A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation

Using rumen probes to examine effects of conjugated linoleic acids and dietary concentrate proportion on rumen pH and rumen temperature of periparturient dairy cows

Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation, ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism, protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids

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