Duodenal Rapeseed Oil Infusion in Early and Midlactation Cows. 3. Plasma Hormones and Mammary Apparent Uptake of Metabolites

Gagliostro, Gerardo Antonio; Chilliard, Yves; Davicco, Marie-Jeanne

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78355-0

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The increase in mammary uptake of circulating FA after oil supply [52] may explain the changes in milk FA composition compared to Control treatment (Table 6) confirming ruminant milk fat plasticity [3] [28]. The consistency in content of butyric acid after oil intake (Table 6) is a frequently reported result [3] [28] which is of interest for its potential beneficial role in human health [3].…”

Section: Milk Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 51%

Effects of Feeding Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

Antonacci¹,

Gagliostro²,

Cano³

et al. 2017

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Thirty-six grazing dairy cows were used to determine the effect of combinations of soybean (SO), and linseed (LO) oils on milk production, composition and milk fatty acid (FA) profile. Treatments were a basal control diet (56% pasture, 44% concentrate) or the control diet supplemented with oils at 4% of estimated total dry matter (DM) intake. Oils were manually mixed to the concentrate in pure forms (SO100 or LO100) or in blends (%w/w) at SO75 -LO25, SO50 -LO50 and SO25 -LO75. Concentrate and oils were thoroughly consumed. Pasture intake (kg DM/cow•day) was 9.27 in control and decreased (p < 0.05) in SO25 -LO75 (8.09) and LO100 (8.98). Total DM intake (kg/cow•day) in control (16.47) increased (p < 0.05) to 17.04 in SO100 and 17.20 in SO75. Yield of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) averaged 20.73 kg in control resulting higher in SO75 (23.73 kg). Milk fat content (g/100g) in control averaged 3.40 and decreased to 2.79 in SO50-LO50 and to 3.06 in SO25 -LO75 treatments. Milk protein content was not affected and milk protein yield increased in SO100 (11%) and SO75 -LO25 (21%) . Results obtained confirmed a great milk fat plasticity in response to PUFA feeding in grazing dairy cows which constitutes a very effective and easy tool in order to improve the healthy value of milk with a potential benefit to the consumer's health. A net or conclusive response pattern over parameters that improve the healthy value of milk to soybean and linseed oils and their blends was not clearly detected. Taken together, the results suggest some advantage for the SO75:LO25 blend considering the relative costs of both oils, the positive effects on milk, fat and protein yields, the lower hypercholesterolemic FA content of milk and the increase in VA and RA content while maintaining a healthy n − 6/n − 3 ratio and very low levels of the detrimental trans-9 C18:1 and trans-10 C18:1 FA.

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Section: Milk Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 51%

Effects of Feeding Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

Antonacci¹,

Gagliostro²,

Cano³

et al. 2017

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“…Chilliard et al [30]). Consequently, the mammary gland uptake of triglycerides is generally well correlated to their plasma concentration [62], except in the higher range of concentrations (above ca. 0.4 mM [5]) when LPL activity could become limiting.…”

Section: Mammary Lipid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids

et al. 2000

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-After a brief survey of metabolic pathways and nutrient fluxes involved in mammary lipogenesis, this review summarises the known effects of diet on ruminant milk fat composition. Special attention is given to fatty acids that could play a positive role for human health, such as butyric acid, oleic acid, C18 to C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The efficiency of the transfer of C18:2, C18:3, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6, from the duodenum to the milk, is reviewed. The main dietary factors taken into account are the nature of forages, including pasture, and the supplementation of dairy rations with protected or unprotected vegetable or fish oils. Dose-response curves of milk CLA are reviewed for different fat supplements, as well as the non-linear relationship between milk CLA and trans C18:1. The potential of dietary factors to increase the mean CLA content in cow milk fat is about 300% above basal values. There is, however, a need to evaluate how the different feeding strategies could change the other aspects of milk fat quality. ruminant / nutrition / milk / fatty acids / human healthRésumé -Plasticité de la matière grasse du lait de ruminant : contrôle nutritionnel des acides gras saturés, polyinsaturés, trans et conjugués. Après un bref rappel des voies métaboliques et des flux de nutriments qui concourrent à la lipogenèse mammaire, cette revue est consacrée aux principaux effets des facteurs alimentaires sur la composition des lipides du lait de ruminant. Un intérêt particulier est porté aux acides gras qui peuvent avoir des effets positifs sur la santé humaine, tels que les acides butyrique, oléique, linoléique conjugué (CLA) et les acides gras polyinsaturés, de 18 à 22 atomes de carbone. L'efficacité du transfert des C18:2, C18:3, C20:5, C22:5 et C22:6, du duodénum au lait est estimée à partir des données de la bibliographie. Les principaux facteurs alimentaires considérés sont la nature des fourrages, dont l'herbe pâturée, et la supplémentation des rations pour vaches laitières avec des huiles végétales ou de poisson, protégées ou non. L'augmentation potentielle

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“…These observations are consistent with energy spared for milk fat synthesis during MFD being partitioned towards fat stores, whereas the increase in the expression of one or more genes involved in lipid synthesis in adipose tissues may be an indirect response to energy repartitioning and/or direct effects of long chain fatty acids on gene transcription via their binding with nuclear receptors. However, this interpretation may be an over simplification of a more complicated cause and effect since post-ruminal infusions of rapeseed oil were found to decrease adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic enzyme activity in mid-lactation cows (Chilliard et al, 1991).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Desaturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations thus far would tend to suggest that mammary mRNA and potential activity of LPL is not rate limiting for the uptake of long chain fatty acids in the caprine, but under certain circumstances may contribute to a reduction in milk fat synthesis in the lactating cow. The variable effect of diet on the changes in mammary LPL expression would tend to implicate other factors including substrate availability, arterial TAG concentration (Gagliostro et al, 1991;Drackley et al, 2007) and/or mammary LPL partitioning (Chilliard et al, 2003) and the location of long chain fatty acids in milk fat TAG as being more important in the regulation of mammary lipogenesis in the bovine.…”

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Ruminant Mammary Lipogenic Gene Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

336

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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Duodenal Rapeseed Oil Infusion in Early and Midlactation Cows. 3. Plasma Hormones and Mammary Apparent Uptake of Metabolites

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Feeding Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

Effects of Feeding Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

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