Duplicated C-Class MADS-Box Genes Reveal Distinct Roles in Gynostemium Development in Cymbidium ensifolium (Orchidaceae)

Wang, Shih Yu; Lee, Pei Fang; Lee, Yung I.; Hsiao, Yu Yun; Chen, You-Yi; Pan, Zhao Jun; Liu, Zhong‐Jian; Tsai, Wen Chieh

doi:10.1093/pcp/pcr015

Cited by 54 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…The D-lineage gene expression pattern in orchids differs from that of LMADS2 (L. longiflorum) and HoMADS1 (H. orientalis), which were expressed exclusively in ovules (Tzeng et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2004). Although the orchid C-and D-lineage genes are expressed in column and ovaries, the expression level of D-lineage genes is higher in ovaries at late flower development stages in C. ensifolium, O. italica, and Phalaenopsis hybrid (Acri-Nunes-Miranda and Mondragón-Palomino, 2014; Salemme et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2011). These results indicate that orchid Cand D-lineage genes have important roles in column and ovule development.…”

Section: -3) Orchid Flowersmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Subsequent duplication occurred among the orchid C-lineage genes in Epidendroideae and Orchidoideae, and there are two types of C-lineage genes in Cymbidium ensifolium (CeMADS1 and CeMADS2) and the Phalaenopsis hybrid cultivar 'Athens' (PhaMADS8 and PhaMADS10). Gene expression analyses in some orchid species such as Phalaenopsis equestris, C. ensifolium, and Orchis italica showed that the C-and D-lineage genes were expressed primarily in the column and ovaries (Acri-Nunes-Miranda and Mondragón-Palomino, 2014; Chen et al, 2012b;Hsu et al, 2010;Salemme et al, 2013;Skipper et al, 2006;Song et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2006). The D-lineage gene expression pattern in orchids differs from that of LMADS2 (L. longiflorum) and HoMADS1 (H. orientalis), which were expressed exclusively in ovules (Tzeng et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2004).…”

Section: -3) Orchid Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanism Regulating Floral Architecture in Monocotyledonous Ornamental Plants

Kanno

2016

The Hortic J

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Molecular and genetic analyses of flower development have been conducted primarily in dicot model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus. The obtained data are the basis for the ABC model, which was extended to the ABCE model of floral development. This model has been validated in many dicot species using genetic transformation studies and mutant analyses. Many dicot flowers have two distinctive perianth whorls, which include greenish sepals and showy petals. By contrast, the monocot lily flower has two almost identical petaloid whorls, the inner and outer tepals. To explain this type of floral morphology, a modified ABC model, the further extended modified ABCE model, was proposed. According to this model, B-class genes are expressed in whorls 1-3, and whorls 1 and 2 form petaloid structures. This review describes the molecular mechanisms regulating flower development in monocots. Since the showy perianth is one of the most important traits in floricultural crops, we focused on the B-and C-class genes, which are related to the development and modification of the perianth. The review describes the expression patterns of floral organ identity genes, and presents functional studies using double-flowered and viridiflora cultivars in some monocot species. Besides lily-type flowers, there are several types of monocot flower, such as commelina type with two whorls of distinctive perianth, orchid and grass flowers. The review also describes the molecular analyses of these types of monocot flower.

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Section: -3) Orchid Flowersmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: -3) Orchid Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism Regulating Floral Architecture in Monocotyledonous Ornamental Plants

Kanno

2016

The Hortic J

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“…There have been multiple duplication events within the C-class lineage (13) followed by partial redundancy (14)(15)(16), potential or proven subfunctionalization (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), or switching of functional equivalence among duplicates in different species (25). Even when a single gene is present, alternative transcripts are a source of genetic variation (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Loss of deeply conserved C-class floral homeotic gene function and C- and E-class protein interaction in a double-flowered ranunculid mutant

Galimba

Tolkin

Sullivan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a core eudicot, the floral homeotic C-class gene AGAMOUS (AG) has a dual role specifying reproductive organ identity and floral meristem determinacy. We conduct a functional analysis of the putative AG ortholog ThtAG1 from the ranunculid Thalictrum thalictroides, a representative of the sister lineage to all other eudicots. Down-regulation of ThtAG1 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in homeotic conversion of stamens and carpels into sepaloid organs and loss of flower determinacy. Moreover, flowers exhibiting strong silencing of ThtAG1 phenocopied the double-flower ornamental cultivar T. thalictroides 'Double White.' Molecular analysis of 'Double White' ThtAG1 alleles revealed the insertion of a retrotransposon causing either nonsense-mediated decay of transcripts or alternative splicing that results in mutant proteins with K-domain deletions. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the mutation abolishes protein-protein interactions with the putative E-class protein ThtSEP3. C-and E-class protein heterodimerization is predicted by the floral quartet model, but evidence for the functional importance of this interaction is scarce outside the core eudicots. Our findings therefore corroborate the importance and conservation of the interactions between C-and E-class proteins. This study provides a functional description of a full C-class mutant in a noncore ("basal") eudicot, an ornamental double flower, affecting both organ identity and meristem determinacy. Using complementary forward and reverse genetic approaches, this study demonstrates deep conservation of the dual C-class gene function and of the interactions between C-and E-class proteins predicted by the floral quartet model. floral organ identity genes | MADS-box genes | solo long terminal repeats | RNA silencing C urrent understanding of floral patterning has emerged primarily from studies in the core eudicot model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus. In these species, the genetic ABCE model predicts how combinatorial expression of four classes of transcription factors specifies organ identity in the floral meristem (1-4). According to the latest Arabidopsis model, which incorporates the role of the E-class proteins, once flowering has initiated, A-and E-class proteins specify sepals; A-, B-, and E-class proteins specify petals; B-, C-, and E-class proteins specify stamens; and C-and E-class proteins specify carpels and terminate floral meristem development (2, 5, 6). The underlying biochemical mechanism for specifying organ identity has been described by the floral quartet model, which predicts that correct transcription of organ-specific genetic programs requires the formation of hetero-multimeric complexes between these four interacting classes of transcription factors (5,(7)(8)(9). Mutations affecting the class-A, -B, -C, and -E functions are homeotic, resulting in the replacement of one organ type by another. Loss of expression of the Arabidopsis C-class gene AGAMOUS (AG) results in conversi...

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“…Less common are aberrations referring to the number of the stamens (Bateman and Rudall 2006). As some teratologia are genetically stable and inheritable, some cultivars have been bred which have commercial but also historical-cultural value, particularly well-known in Vanda falcata (Duttke et al 2012, Anonymous 2014 and several Cymbidium species (Wang et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Oberonia 3. Aberrant flowers and other floral modifications in the orchid genus Oberonia

Geiger

Kocyan

2018

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Orchid flowers are amongst the most conspicuous attractions that plants have generated over evolutionary epochs. However, organ homology in particular of androecium and gynoecium of orchid flowers have been, and are still, the subject of long‐term discussion. Studies of aberrant – teratologic – flowers have traditionally helped to clarify organ identity in orchids. We here present for the first time teratological flowers within the florally smallest and inconspicuous orchid genus Oberonia and illustrate them by light and scanning electron microscopy. Pseudopeloria with half of a lateral petal transformed into a lip was found in O. costeriana J.J.Sm. and O. mucronata (D.Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. A supernumerary lip is known from O. mucronata. Oberonia rufilabris Lindl. is documented with multiple aberrations: triple gynostemium and a total of 10 tepals, twin flowers, and duplicate lips. We interpret these aberrations in light of known floral developmental and organ identity information.

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Duplicated C-Class MADS-Box Genes Reveal Distinct Roles in Gynostemium Development in Cymbidium ensifolium (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 54 publications

References 55 publications

Molecular Mechanism Regulating Floral Architecture in Monocotyledonous Ornamental Plants

Molecular Mechanism Regulating Floral Architecture in Monocotyledonous Ornamental Plants

Loss of deeply conserved C-class floral homeotic gene function and C- and E-class protein interaction in a double-flowered ranunculid mutant

Studies on Oberonia 3. Aberrant flowers and other floral modifications in the orchid genus Oberonia

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