Dupuytren's Contracture: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Dupuytren's contracture is a chronic condition that affects the palmar fascia, leading to progressive flexion of the fingers, particularly the ring and little fingers. This article provides an in-depth review of the current understanding of the condition and its management. Commonly seen in older men of Northern European descent, Dupuytren's can significantly impair hand function as contractures develop. The underlying mechanisms involve complex cellular processes, particularly the role of transforming growth factor-beta in promoting fibroblast activity and collagen buildup. Treatment strategies depend on the severity of the condition; nonsurgical options like collagenase injections and needle aponeurotomy are effective for early stages but often have high recurrence rates. For more advanced cases, surgical options such as limited and radical fasciectomy are considered, aiming to restore finger extension while addressing potential complications. Challenges in management include high recurrence rates and variability in disease progression, emphasizing the need for standardized assessment protocols and innovative therapeutic approaches. This review underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to preserve hand function and enhance quality of life. It calls for ongoing research into targeted therapies to reduce recurrence rates.