Durability and strength degradation of xanthan gum based biopolymer treated soil subjected to severe weathering cycles

Lee, Minhyung; Kwon, Yeong-Man; Park, Dong-Yeup; Chang, Ilhan; Cho, Gye-Chun

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23823-4

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results are in good agreement with the previous finding that the interaction between the zein gels and sand particles enhances the stiffness properties of treated specimens [25]. However, the variation of the elastic modulus between the 7-and 14-day curing periods shows the low reactivity and bonding of the zein biopolymer at higher ethanol content, disrupting the proper distribution of biopolymer crosslinking and weakening the internal structure [41]. The simultaneous dehydration of the external and internal parts of the treated specimen at higher curing temperatures can lead to a more tightly packed soil structure.…”

Section: Compressive Strength and Elastic Modulussupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Curing Condition and Solvent Content on Mechanical Properties of Zein-Biopolymer-Treated Soil

et al. 2023

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The curing condition and solvent composition of biopolymer binders may impact their efficacy for soil stabilization. This study introduces a novel hydrophobic biopolymer, zein, and investigates the effects of solvent and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of zein-treated soils. The zein biopolymer is used to prepare cohesionless soil with various ethanol contents. Unconfined compressive strength and microscopic tests are used to investigate the treated specimens under two different curing conditions. The mechanical properties of the treated specimens are evaluated in terms of compressive strength and the secant elastic modulus. The experimental results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus increase with the curing period under both curing conditions. Higher curing temperature improves the compressive strength of biopolymer-treated specimens. The linear relationship between compressive strength and the elastic modulus of zein-treated soils shows higher strength and a lower elastic modulus compared to rock. Furthermore, the zein biopolymer shows significant strength improvement compared to the existing biopolymers, including casein and lignin. Thus, the effects of solvent and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of zein-treated soil should be considered for its application to soil stabilization.

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Section: Compressive Strength and Elastic Modulussupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Curing Condition and Solvent Content on Mechanical Properties of Zein-Biopolymer-Treated Soil

et al. 2023

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“…Typically, biopolymers require small dosages of up to 2% that can be applied at ambient field temperatures [5] and are generally inert in nature [6]. The major drawback of using these admixtures is their potential biodegradation arising from exposure to wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles, thereby causing durability issues [7]. More importantly, the lack of standardized terminology and manufacturers' reluctance to disclose proprietary product information constitute significant hurdles to developing a clear understanding of how these materials interact with active clay particles in the presence of water [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow through and Volume Change Behavior of a Compacted Expansive Soil Amended with Natural Biopolymers

Bukhary,

Azam

2024

Geotechnics

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Natural biopolymers offer a sustainable alternative for improving soil behavior due to their inert nature, small dosage requirement, and applicability under ambient temperatures. This research evaluates the efficacy of natural biopolymers for ameliorating an expansive soil by using a 0.5% dosage of cationic chitosan, charge-neutral guar gum, and anionic xanthan gum during compaction. The results of laboratory investigations indicate that the flow through and volume change properties of the expansive soil were affected variably. The dual porosity, characterized by low air entry due to inter-aggregate pores (AEV1 of 4 kPa) and high air entry due to the clay matrix (AEV2 of 200 kPa) of the soil, was healed using chitosan and guar gum (AEV of 200 kPa) but was enhanced by the xanthan gum (AEV1 of 100 kPa and AEV2 of 200 kPa). The s-shaped swell–shrink path of the soil comprised structural (e from 1.23 to 1.11), normal (e from 1.11 to 0.6), and residual stages (e ranged from 0.6–0.43). This shape was converted into a j-shaped path through amendment using chitosan and guar gum, showing no structural volume change, with e from about 1.25 to 0.5, but was reverted to a more pronounced form by xanthan gum, with e from 1.5 to 1.32, 1.32 to 0.49, and 0.49 to 0.34 in the three stages, respectively. The consolidation behavior of the soil was largely unaffected by the addition of biopolymers such that the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 10−9 m/s to 10−12 m/s over a void ratio decrease from 1.1 to 0.6. At a seating stress of 5 kPa, the swelling potential (7.8%) of the soil slightly decreased to 6.9% due to the addition of chitosan but increased to 9.4% and 12.2% with guar gum and xanthan gum, respectively. The use of chitosan and guar gum will allow the compaction of the investigated expansive soil on the dry side of optimum.

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“…Agar possesses hydrophobicity that excels in solubility and provides rigid textures when forming a gel [ 27 ]. Sodium alginate effectively improved the behavior of coarse and fine-grained soils in terms of shear strength and wind erosion resistance [ 17 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Moisture Variation on Mechanical Strength of Biopolymer-Treated Soil

Fatehi

Ong

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Biopolymers have recently shown great potential to replace traditional binding materials in geotechnical engineering; however, more research is required to reach a deeper understanding of biopolymer-treated soil behavior. The objective of this study was to investigate the most important parameters that affect the behavior of biopolymer-treated soil, including biopolymer content, dehydration time, soil type effect, and durability. Sodium alginate and agar biopolymers were used due to their stability under severe conditions and the reasonable costs to study these parameters. A broad range of soil particle sizes was used to optimize the kaolinite-sand combination. As one of the main concerns in the behavior of biotreated soils, durability was investigated under five cycles of wetting and drying. In addition, a comprehensive microstructural study was performed by FTIR analysis and SEM images, as well as chemical interaction analysis. The results indicated that the optimized biopolymer content was in the range of 0.5–1% (to soil weight) and the dehydration time was 14 days. A soil combination of 25% kaolinite and 75% sand provided the highest compressive strength. Under wetting and drying conditions, biopolymers significantly increased soil resistance against strength reduction and soil mass loss. The results showed that the biopolymers, agar and sodium alginate provided significant soil improvement. The optimum values of different parameters to reach the highest performance were also obtained. In addition, the biopolymers were highly effective in enhancing the durability of the treated soil under wetting and drying conditions. Based on the results, optimal values of the agar and sodium alginate-treated soil for sand and kaolinite are confirmed.

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Durability and strength degradation of xanthan gum based biopolymer treated soil subjected to severe weathering cycles

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Curing Condition and Solvent Content on Mechanical Properties of Zein-Biopolymer-Treated Soil

Effect of Curing Condition and Solvent Content on Mechanical Properties of Zein-Biopolymer-Treated Soil

Flow through and Volume Change Behavior of a Compacted Expansive Soil Amended with Natural Biopolymers

The Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Moisture Variation on Mechanical Strength of Biopolymer-Treated Soil

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