Durability deterioration of concrete under marine environment from material to structure: A critical review

Qu, Fulin; Li, Wengui; Dong, Wenkui; Tam, Vivian W.Y.; Yu, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102074

Cited by 161 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Corrosion requires the presence of both oxygen and moisture [126][127][128]. Therefore, corrosion does not typically initiate in reinforced concrete that is permanently immersed in seawater.…”

Section: Steel Rebar Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete Seawalls: Load Considerations, Ecological Performance, Durability, and Recent Innovations

Hosseinzadeh¹,

Ghiasian²,

Andiroglu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Increasing frequency of extreme weather events, driven by climate change, has resulted in an increasing demand for coastal structures to protect and stabilize shorelines. Concrete seawalls are a common category of coastal protection structures, designed with the primary objectives of absorbing wave action, preventing coastline erosion, and alleviating flooding. Much research has been carried out on improving the seawall performance. This work is a review of the current state-of-the-art in concrete seawalls focusing on design aspects including wave loading and innovative seawall designs, ecological considerations, and durability aspects. Wave loads on seawalls have received significant attention; however, their quantification remains a challenging task especially for novel designs. Drawing inspiration from natural shorelines, modification of surface complexity at a multitude of scales can improve the otherwise poor ecological performance of seawalls. The corrosion of the steel is a major durability concern, and the use of non-corrosive reinforcement can increase seawall durability towards corrosion. Examples of innovative seawall designs and systems which have the capability to outperform conventional seawalls are discussed. Advances in structural design, ecological engineering, and infrastructure materials science will drive the development of multi-functional seawalls which are sustainable, durable, and resilient.

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Section: Steel Rebar Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete Seawalls: Load Considerations, Ecological Performance, Durability, and Recent Innovations

Hosseinzadeh¹,

Ghiasian²,

Andiroglu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The ion content of the aggressive waters interacting with concretes has a significant influence, as was observed by García-Calvo et al (20), specifically in the penetration of Cl in the cement matrix and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel alteration. Chloride ions can penetrate the cementitious concrete matrix exposed to chloride salt solutions via diffusion and absorption processes (21). Some free chloride ions are left in the pore solution, while the cement matrix binds a certain proportion of chloride ions which can be trapped by the C-S-H gel and react with calcium aluminate (C (21,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloride ions can penetrate the cementitious concrete matrix exposed to chloride salt solutions via diffusion and absorption processes (21). Some free chloride ions are left in the pore solution, while the cement matrix binds a certain proportion of chloride ions which can be trapped by the C-S-H gel and react with calcium aluminate (C (21,23). Both products (gypsum and ettringite) occupy a greater volume after crystallization in the concrete pores than the compounds they replace, leading to expansion, cracking, and ultimately the transformation of the material into a non-cohesive material (21,(24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of UHPFRC functionalised with nanoadditives due to synergies in the action of sulphate and chloride in cracked and uncracked states

et al. 2021

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This paper studies the durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with high Blast Furnace Slag content (BFS) and nanoadditives such as crystalline admixture (CA), alumina nanofibres (ANF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions: 1) three aggressive media: a) deionized water (dw), b) sulphate rich solution (ss) and c) simulated geothermal water (sgw) containing sulphate and chloride; 2) two water interaction conditions: a) static and b) dynamic (water impact); and 3) with and without the presence of cracks. Durability was analysed over 24 months, measuring several physical and chemical parameters of the system, recording changes in both the aggressive media and the concrete. All UHPFRC types demonstrate good durability, showing high resistance to expansion and deformation in the sulphate-rich media. A leaching process occurs in all water interaction systems, the dynamic interaction in sgw being the most aggressive. The interaction of sgw inside the crack favours the formation of solid phases such as calcium carbonates and ettringite, while the presence of nanoadditives affects the response of both the matrix and the formation of precipitates within the crack.

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“…Infrastructure, a series of fundamental facilities and structure systems, performs indispensable support for society, expected to achieve sustainability and economic efficiency. However, safety hazards caused by progressive deterioration with age [ 1 ] and serious disasters related to severe environmental conditions (freeze–thaw cycles [ 2 , 3 ], marine environment [ 4 ], high temperature [ 5 ], etc.) are the potential issues during the lifespan of infrastructure, possibly leading to a shortened service life and high maintenance/reconstruction costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites for Sensing Elements: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review

Ding

Liu

Shiotani

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Compatibility, a critical issue between sensing material and host structure, significantly influences the detecting performance (e.g., sensitive, signal-to-noise ratio) of the embedded sensor. To address this issue in concrete-based infrastructural health monitoring, cement-based piezoelectric composites (piezoelectric ceramic particles as a function phase and cementitious materials as a matrix) have attracted continuous attention in the past two decades, dramatically exhibiting superior durability, sensitivity, and compatibility. This review paper performs a synthetical overview of recent advances in theoretical analysis, characterization and simulation, materials selection, the fabrication process, and application of the cement-based piezoelectric composites. The critical issues of each part are also presented. The influencing factors of the materials and fabrication process on the final performance of composites are further discussed. Meanwhile, the application of the composite as a sensing element for various monitoring techniques is summarized. Further study on the experiment and simulation, materials, fabrication technique, and application are also pointed out purposefully.

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Durability deterioration of concrete under marine environment from material to structure: A critical review

Cited by 161 publications

References 128 publications

Concrete Seawalls: Load Considerations, Ecological Performance, Durability, and Recent Innovations

Concrete Seawalls: Load Considerations, Ecological Performance, Durability, and Recent Innovations

Durability of UHPFRC functionalised with nanoadditives due to synergies in the action of sulphate and chloride in cracked and uncracked states

Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ceramic Composites for Sensing Elements: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review

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