Durability of a Cementitious Wasteform for Intermediate Level Waste

Abstract

Cementitious material is the most commonly used encapsulation medium for low and intermediate level radioactive waste. This paper focuses on the aqueous durability of a Materials Testing Reactor (MTR) cementitious wasteform -a possible candidate for the proposed intermediate level waste management facility in Australia. A series of medium term (up to 92 months) durability tests, without leachate replacement, were conducted on samples of this wasteform.The wasteform was made from cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag and a simulated waste liquor. The compressive strength (39 MPa) was typical of MTR cement wasteforms and well above that required for handling or storage. The wasteform was an inhomogeneous mixture containing calcite, a calcium silicate hydrate phase, hydrotalcite and unreacted slag particles. After leaching for 92 months the crystallinity of the calcium silicate hydrate phase increased.The majority of the releases of Ca, Si, Al, Sr, S, Na and K was reached within 4 days of leaching, with the maxima ie. the highest concentrations in the leachates, occurring at 3 months for Ca, Al, Sr, S, Na and K, and at 1 month for Si. For the longer leach periods (6 months and 3 months respectively) there was a slight reduction in concentration in the leachates, and these levels were similar to those for the longest period of 92 months, suggesting steady-state conditions prevailing after 3 to 6 months of leaching. The highest releases of matrix elements were for Na (37%), K (40%) and S (16%). Releases for elements such as Ca, Na, Al and Sr were similar in magnitude to those reported by the UKAEA in earlier MTR studies.After leaching for 92 months there was an alteration layer about 80 µm deep where calcium has been depleted. Na, K and Sr showed signs of diffusion towards the outer part of the cement samples.

Appraisal of a cementitious material for waste disposal: Neutron imaging studies of pore structure and sorptivity

“…Previous studies [1] showed the MTR samples to be characteristically white on the outside (to a depth of 800 µm) and mottled grey beneath the surface layer. XRF analysis showed the surface layer was richer in Na and K, and poorer in S and Ca than the bulk interior samples.…”

“…This paper focuses on water transmission of a well-characterised candidate wasteform, one un-leached and the other leached for almost 8 years. In work already reported [1] a series of short to long term (up to 8 years) durability tests were conducted on this wasteform and the leaching tests were complemented by surface characterisation (using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and bulk mineralogical analysis (X-ray Diffraction).…”

Influence of calcium and silica on hydraulic properties of sodium montmorillonite assemblages under alkaline conditions

“…Whilst the cumulative findings of this research would indicate variable changes to barrier integrity, the influence of silica, from montmorillonite dissolution or from the cement and mortar itself, has yet to be fully explored. This is of particular importance because silica is both an important component of cementitious leachates [20] and has the capacity to form colloidal polymeric species at higher concentrations [21] which could induce macro-scale changes to the behaviour of clay minerals. To briefly summarise, the dissolution of silica in water involves hydration and dehydration reactions (catalysed by OH À ), forming monosilicic acid, which is inherently stable at concentrations of less than 100 ppm SiO 2 [21].…”