Durability of alkali-activated materials in aggressive environments: A review on recent studies

Zhang, Jian; Shi, Caijun; Zhang, Zuhua; Ou, Zhihua

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.027

Cited by 284 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chloride penetration, sulfate attack, and carbonation are three factors that affect the durability directly due to exposure to the external aggressive environments [41,42,43]. The concrete components break down when exposed to acid attack; the dissolution of calcium hydroxide is the most pronounced [44].…”

Section: Resistance To Chloride and Acid Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product waste material from palm oil with many economic and environmental benefits. A lack of enough information on the advantages of POFA in the concrete production in various proportions was the main cause to carry out this work. This paper shows advantages of POFA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete production, especially cement mortar. The data collection has been done from the literature review related to the use of POFA as partial cement replacement in the production of cement concrete and mortar. Therefore, this paper can potentially become a guide for researchers and manufacturers to use POFA in various proportions to replace the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in cement concrete and mortar. The positive and negative impact resulting from this material has been discussed carefully. This study recommends that researchers and academics should perform more experimental works in order to illustrate the desired benefits from POFA as cement replacement, thus mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of cement.

show abstract

Section: Resistance To Chloride and Acid Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sulfate resistance of AAMs was reviewed in the state-of-the-art report of RILEM TC 224-AAM (Alkali-activated materials) [1], and more recently e.g. by Zhang et al [9], Arbi et al [10], Bernal and Provis [4], and Provis [5]. The interaction of AAMs with sulfates is often tackled in the context of sulfuric acid attack, but a reasonable number of published studies deal also with the interaction of AAMs with Na 2 SO 4 or MgSO 4 solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The RILEM technical committee TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ conducted a round robin testing programme to determine the validity of various durability testing methods, originally developed for Portland cement based-concretes, for the assessment of the durability of alkali-activated concretes. The outcomes of the round robin tests evaluating sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and freeze–thaw resistance are presented in this contribution. Five different alkali-activated concretes, based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, or metakaolin were investigated. The extent of sulfate damage to concretes based on slag or fly ash seems to be limited when exposed to an Na2SO4 solution. The mixture based on metakaolin showed an excessive, very early expansion, followed by a dimensionally stable period, which cannot be explained at present. In the slag-based concretes, MgSO4 caused more expansion and visual damage than Na2SO4; however, the expansion limits defined in the respective standards were not exceeded. Both the ASTM C1293 and RILEM AAR-3.1 test methods for the determination of ASR expansion appear to give essentially reliable identification of expansion caused by highly reactive aggregates. Alkali-activated materials in combination with an unreactive or potentially expansive aggregate were in no case seen to cause larger expansions; only the aggregates of known very high reactivity were seen to be problematic. The results of freeze–thaw testing (with/without deicing salts) of alkali-activated concretes suggest an important influence of the curing conditions and experimental conditions on the test outcomes, which need to be understood before the tests can be reliably applied and interpreted.

show abstract

“…The implementation of waste material from steel and coal power stations, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) in alkali-activated concrete (AAC) might be able to reduce 40–80% of Portland cement associated emissions [ 5 ]. In addition to its potential environmental benefits, AAM also offers similar or superior properties in rapid strength gain, high-performance applications, chemical resistance and high-temperature stability [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torsional Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Alkali Activated Concrete

Lau

Htut²,

Melling³

et al. 2020

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nine alkali-activated concrete beams were produced and tested under pure torsional load to failure. The alkali-activated concrete beams were produced with following variables: (i) fibres only, (ii) conventionally reinforced or (iii) a hybrid of both fibres and conventional steel reinforcement. The fibres only beams were found to have approximately 20% higher cracking torque than conventionally reinforced beams. However, fibres only beams were observed to have lower post crack ductility and inconsistent post crack behaviour, in comparison to conventionally reinforced alkali-activated concrete (AAC) beams. On the other hand, the hybrid reinforcements in AAC beams were found to demonstrate more ductile post crack behaviour consistently of the beams tested. Hybrid reinforcement was also shown to have 20% and 25% improvement in cracking and ultimate torque compared to conventionally reinforced, which suggests that it is suitable for industrial applications to improve structure capacity. The ultimate torque results of the beams were compared to an analytical model that considered the contribution of fibres. It was found that the ultimate torque of the hybrid reinforced beam has good correlation with the model but overestimated conventionally reinforced beams.

show abstract

Durability of alkali-activated materials in aggressive environments: A review on recent studies

Cited by 284 publications

References 123 publications

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

Environmental benefits of incorporating palm oil fuel ash in cement concrete and cement mortar

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze–thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretes

Torsional Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Alkali Activated Concrete

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About