Durability of carbon nanofiber (CNF) &amp; carbon nanotube (CNT) as catalyst support for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Andersen, Shuang Ma; Borghei, Maryam; Lund, Peter Brilner; Yli-Rantala, Elina; Pasanen, Anna‐Liisa; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Ruiz, Virginia; Kauranen, Pertti; Skou, Eivind Morten

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2012.11.020

Cited by 125 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The obtained power density is much higher as compared to that of commercial catalyst as reported elsewhere [26,40,41]. Since the entire cell parameters are kept constant except the catalyst, the results have been explained by detailed analysis of the activation region of the polarization curves [42].…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Processing of pristine carbon nanotube supported platinum as catalyst for PEM fuel cell

Gupta¹,

Maheshwari²,

Sasikala

et al. 2014

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotube supported platinum catalyst (Pt/CNT) has been developed by reduction of Pt salt on CNTs in ethylene glycol solution. The reactions were carried out under different pH conditions followed by detailed physical and electrochemical characterizations. The I-V performance of unit Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell shows a peak Power density of 325 mWcm -2 with catalyst prepared in alkaline medium, an increase of [250 % as compared to 87 mWcm -2 obtained, while employing catalyst prepared in acidic medium and tested under similar conditions. This is attributed not only to the uniform distribution of Pt nanoparticles with small particle size in range of 2-3 nm, but also to the metallic or zero oxidation state in which most of the Pt is present when reduction is carried out in alkaline medium.

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Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Processing of pristine carbon nanotube supported platinum as catalyst for PEM fuel cell

Gupta¹,

Maheshwari²,

Sasikala

et al. 2014

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…It is important to note that the catalyst performance in a Fuel cell depends on a no. of parameters like the metal (e.g., Pt) used [51][52][53][54], metal loading [54][55][56], type and purity of substrate [5,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63] etc. Apart from the above another important factor which determines the catalyst performance is the interaction/bond between the metal and substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of multiwalled carbon nanotubes platinum nanocomposite as efficient PEM fuel cell catalyst

Gupta

Maheshwari

Dhakate³

2016

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes platinum nanocomposite has been prepared via chemical route by reduction of Pt salt on MWCNTs in ethylene glycol solution while refluxing in Argon atmosphere. The effect of different pH media during the reduction process on their physical and electrochemical properties, as well as on their performance in unit PEM fuel cell has been studied and further compared with the reaction carried out while refluxing in air as already demonstrated by the authors. The I-V performance of unit PEM fuel cell shows a peak Power density of 156 mW cm -2 with catalyst prepared in alkaline medium, an increase of [ 110 % as compared to 72 mW cm -2 obtained while employing catalyst prepared in acidic medium and tested under similar conditions. This is attributed not only to the small particle size of reduced Pt NPs, but also to its uniform distribution when reduction is carried out in alkaline medium. This has been further explained by detail reaction mechanism under alkaline conditions.

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“…These highly crystalline nanocarbons have shown superior performance and durability due to their chemical stability, high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, compared to the classical carbon black supported catalysts [46][47][48]. High resistance to carbon corrosion is a fundamental benefit of utilizing highly graphitized carbon nanofibers and nanotubes rather than traditional carbon black for catalyst support when operating at elevated temperature and highly oxidizing environment in fuel cells [49]. The interaction between the surface of the tubular support and the catalyst has an influence on electrode durability.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cnms As Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Borghei

Azcune

Carrasco

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are great candidates for portable power source applications. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics are key challenges in DMFC technology. The state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are Pt-based catalysts supported on carbon black. However, the high price of Pt, corrosion of carbon support and Pt degradation are the main problems.In this thesis, carbon nanomaterials, namely few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) and graphitized nanofibers (GNFs) were used as catalyst supports in the search for stable and durable catalysts. PtRu nanocatalysts with similar particle size and composition were synthesized and deposited on FWCNTs and GNFs. The electrochemical activities for methanol oxidation were compared with that of PtRu-carbon black in acidic conditions. The half-cell electrochemical measurements revealed higher activity with PtRu-GNFs and PtRu-FWCNTs. Later, the electrocatalysts were tested in macro-and micro-DMFC. The results revealed the significant influence of the catalyst support, inomer contect, electrode structure, preparation method, as well as the fuel cell architecture on the performance of a specific electrode material. The results also highlighted the necessity of electrode composition optimization when applying new materials at the electrodes, in order to achieve the best activity and durability for a certain electrocatalyst.A special effort was also done to achieve Pt-free electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by introducing nitrogen heteroatoms in carbon nanomaterials, namely FWCNTs and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). N-FWCNTs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media, despite their very low nitrogen content (~0.5 at.%). N-FWCNTs performed on par or better than a commercial Pt-C at the cathode of an alkaline DMFC. The N-GNPs exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR compared to pristine GNPs in alkaline media. The results indicated that N-doped carbon nanomaterials could be promising alternatives to their Pt counterparts to reduce fuel cell costs. However, further investigations are necessary to ascertain the real active sites in order to design more efficient and durable ORR electrocatalysts.Keywords Carbon nanomaterials, PtRu catalysts, nitrogen-doping, direct methanol fuel cell ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-6140-5 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-60-6141-2

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Durability of carbon nanofiber (CNF) & carbon nanotube (CNT) as catalyst support for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 27 publications

Processing of pristine carbon nanotube supported platinum as catalyst for PEM fuel cell

Processing of pristine carbon nanotube supported platinum as catalyst for PEM fuel cell

Development of multiwalled carbon nanotubes platinum nanocomposite as efficient PEM fuel cell catalyst

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

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