Durability of perfluorinated ionomer membrane against hydrogen peroxide

Kinumoto, Taro; Inaba, Masaaki; Nakayama, Yoko; Ogata, Kazuhito; Umebayashi, Ryota; Tasaka, Akimasa; Iriyama, Yasutoshi; Abe, Takeshi; Ogumi, Zempachi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.043

Cited by 335 publications

(253 citation statements)

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“…The PFSA polymer is synthesized from a copolymer of tetraflouroethylene (TFE) and perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxa-7-octene-1-sulfonyl fluoride) by chemically converting the pendant SO 2 F sulphonyl fluoride groups to sulphonic acid SO 3 H [181,186]. The SO 3 H is ionically bonded such that the end of the side chain contains an SO − 3 and an H + ion [10].…”

Section: Chemical Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly oxidative peroxide radicals can subsequently form from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and as active species can decompose PFSA-based membranes [186]. Impurity ions such as the transition metals Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ are known to be catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide [186] (12) It is steps (8) and (10) that result in the formation of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, respectively.…”

Section: Formation Of Peroxide Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impurity ions such as the transition metals Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ are known to be catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide [186] (12) It is steps (8) and (10) that result in the formation of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, respectively. For bivalent transition metals in general (M 2+ ), radical formation can be generalized by the following mechanism [192] …”

Section: Formation Of Peroxide Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of performance degradation and failure modes for hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Rama

Chen

Andrews

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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DOI: 10.1243/09576509JPE603Abstract: A qualitative account of the causes and effects of performance degradation and failure in hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is given in the present review. The purpose of the review is to establish a backbone understanding of the phenomenological processes that occur within the PEFC, how they interact, how they are influenced through elements of design, manufacturing and operation, and ultimately how they result in performance degradation and cell failure. In the current work, 22 common faults are identified which are induced by 48 frequent causes. The major PEFC components considered here that are susceptible to faults are the polymer electrolyte-based membrane, the anode and cathode catalyst layers, gas diffusion and microporous layers, seals and the bipolar plate. Faults pertaining to these components can cause irreversible increases in activation, mass transportation, ohmic and fuel efficiency losses, or indeed cause catastrophic cell failure.

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Section: Chemical Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Peroxide Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Peroxide Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of performance degradation and failure modes for hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Rama

Chen

Andrews

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…37 The S-O-S bond formation was thought to be the result of crosslinking of sulfonic acid groups on the side chains, which subsequently reduces the ductility and proton conductivity. In another study, 38 FTIR studies revealed trace amount of R-SO 2 F or S-O-S formation when Nafion™ was degraded by H 2 O 2 /Fe(II) solutions; such reagents are commonly known as Fenton's reagent, and are widely used to generate hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. 39 The authors also commented that the side chains were decomposed more easily than the main chain, based on the 19 41 .…”

Section: Model Compound and Membrane Chemical Durability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report - MEA and Stack Durability for PEM Fuel Cells

Yandrasits¹

2008

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The principal objectives of this program were to develop membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and systems that are durable up to 40,000 hours under stationary power conditions and at the same time can be manufacture in high volume, commercial processes.All MEA materials, process development work was carried out by 3M Co., at its St. Paul, MN, 3M Center campus and its Menomonie, WI, production plant. The 3M team included primarily members from the Fuel Cell Components Program, but significant assistance was received over Executive SummaryProton exchange membrane fuel cells are expected to change the landscape of power generation over the next ten years. For this to be realized one of the most significant challenges for stationary systems is lifetime, where 40,000 hours of operation with less than 10% decay is desired. This project conducted fundamental studies on the durability of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and fuel cell stack systems with the expectation that knowledge gained from this project will be applied toward the design and manufacture of MEAs and stack systems to meet DOE's 2010 stationary fuel cell stack systems targets.The focus of this project was proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell durabilityunderstanding the issues that limit MEA and fuel cell system lifetime, developing mitigation strategies to address the lifetime issues and demonstration of the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies by system testing. To that end, several discoveries were made that contributed to the fundamental understanding of MEA degradation mechanisms. (1) The classically held belief that membrane degradation is solely due to polymer end-group "unzipping" is incorrect; there are other functional groups present in the ionomer that are susceptible to chemical attack. (2) The rate of membrane degradation can be greatly slowed or possibly eliminated through the use of additives that scavenge peroxide or peroxyl radicals. (3) Characterization of gas diffusion layer (GDL) using dry gases is incorrect due to the fact that fuel cells operate utilizing humidified gases. The proper characterization method involves using wet gas streams and measuring capillary pressure as demonstrated in this project. (4) Not all Platinum on carbon catalysts are created equally -the major factor impacting catalyst durability is the type of carbon used as the support. (5) System operating conditions have a significant impact of lifetime -the lifetime was increased by an order of magnitude by changing the load profile while all other variables remain the same. (6) Through the use of statistical lifetime analysis methods, it is possible to develop new MEAs with predicted durability approaching the DOE 2010 targets. (7) A segmented cell was developed that extend the resolution from ~ 40 to 121 segments for a 50cm2 active area single cell which allowed for more precise investigation of the local phenomena in a operating fuel cell. (8) The single segmented cell concept was extended to a fuel size stack to allow the first of its kind moni...

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“…This would correspond to the loss of SO 3 -groups in the membrane. Loss of SO 3 -groups in the membrane can be detected by measuring the sulfate ion concentration by ion chromatography for samples irradiated in water [10,11]. The increase in the C=O could indicate bond cleavage at the C-O-C sites, which corresponds with the decrease in intensity seen in Figure 5.…”

Section: Srnl-sti-2009-00296mentioning

confidence: 99%