Durability of the adhesive bond in cross-laminated northern hardwoods and softwoods

Musah, Munkaila; Dickinson, Yvette L.; Ross, Robert; Rudnicki, Mark; Xie, Xinfeng

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124267

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As shown in Table 3 , the delamination value of the plywoods was 7.56%, which meets the requirement (< 8%) of adhesive qualification for hardwood according to AITC Test T110-2007. This delamination value was lower than that of some adhesives such as epoxy, resorcinol, phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and emulsion polymer isocyanate, and comparable with polyurethane 79 , 80 (Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Development of eco-friendly antifungal and antibacterial adhesive derived from modified cassava starch waste/polyvinyl alcohol containing green synthesized nano-silver

Jarensungnen

Jetsrisuparb

Phanthanawiboon

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Environmentally friendly biopolymer-based wood adhesives are an inevitable trend of wood product development to replace the use of harmful formaldehyde-based adhesives. In this research, a new eco-friendly modified cassava starch waste-based adhesive via carboxymethylation (CMS), and blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tannic acid (TA) and green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was prepared. The effects of TA content on green synthesis of AgNPs (Ag-TA) and bio-adhesive nanocomposite properties were investigated. The use of 5 wt% TA for AgNPs synthesis (Ag-TA-5) resulted in a uniform particle size distribution. The plywood prepared with Ag-TA-5 provided the highest dry and wet shear strength at 1.95 ± 0.11 MPa and 1.38 ± 0.3 MPa, respectively. The water absorption and thickness swelling of this plywood remarkably decreased up to 10.99% and 6.79%, respectively. More importantly, the presence of Ag-TA in CMS/PVA adhesive successfully inhibited the invasion of mold and bacteria. Based on the cyclic delamination test, the adhesive bond durability of bio-adhesive containing Ag-TA-5 could meet the requirement of the AITC Test T110-2007 and was comparable to commercial adhesives. The added advantage of the prepared bio-adhesive was its synthesis from agro-waste products and possible economically viable production at industrial level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Development of eco-friendly antifungal and antibacterial adhesive derived from modified cassava starch waste/polyvinyl alcohol containing green synthesized nano-silver

Jarensungnen

Jetsrisuparb

Phanthanawiboon

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Researchers affiliated with Michigan Technological University evaluated the durability of adhesive bonds in cross-laminated northern hardwoods and softwoods (Musah et al 2021). The overall goal of the study was to assess the feasibility of using hardwoods, mixed hardwoods, as well as combining hardwoods and softwoods for developing structural grade CLT panels.…”

Section: Gluing Hardwoods For Structural Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Facing the Development and Market Introduction of Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timbers

Hassler¹,

McNeel²,

Dénes³

et al. 2022

Forest Products Journal

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The interest in softwood-based cross-laminated timber (CLT) production has in turn generated a great deal of interest in producing CLT from hardwood species. This prospect of a new market for hardwood lumber is a significant driver behind efforts to gain certification of hardwoods within American Panel Association (APA) PRG 320, Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber. However, a number of challenges present significant hurdles for gaining acceptance of hardwoods in CLT manufacturing. These include differences in how softwoods and hardwoods are produced and marketed (e.g., structural lumber markets [softwoods] vs. appearance-grade markets [hardwoods]), lumber grading differences, available sizes of hardwood lumber, drying differences between hardwoods and softwoods, and gluing particularities with hardwoods. This paper identifies the various issues involved with introducing hardwoods into a softwood-dominated market and what it will take to be competitive within the overall CLT market.

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“…was recognized as a viable hardwood for CLT panels by the new European Standard EN 16351:2021. Numerous researchers (Knorz et al 2014, Lu et al 2018, Srivaro et al 2019, Musah et al 2021, Purba et al 2022) have suggested a potential transition toward hardwoods for making engineered wood products (EWP), including cross-laminated timber (CLT) or glued laminated timber. Since they have higher mean densities than most softwoods, hardwoods are renowned for their better strength qualities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of specimen shape, number of layers, layer thickness and bonding pressure towards delamination resistance of spruce CLT glued with PUR adhesive were investigated by Knorz et al (2017). In another study, Musah et al (2021) examined the bond durability of several hardwoods and softwoods species from Northern America and their mixed species CLT from different adhesives was analyzed by delamination test. The effect of wood species, clamping pressure, and glue spread rate of Cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from tropical hardwoods were examined by Yoush et al ( 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

10th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

2022

Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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Durability of the adhesive bond in cross-laminated northern hardwoods and softwoods

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Development of eco-friendly antifungal and antibacterial adhesive derived from modified cassava starch waste/polyvinyl alcohol containing green synthesized nano-silver

Development of eco-friendly antifungal and antibacterial adhesive derived from modified cassava starch waste/polyvinyl alcohol containing green synthesized nano-silver

Challenges Facing the Development and Market Introduction of Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timbers

10th Hardwood Conference Proceedings

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