Durability of washing machines under real life conditions: Definition and application of a testing procedure

Stamminger, Rainer; Bues, Alexander; Alfieri, Felice; Cordella, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121222

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From a technical point of view, the service life of the components can be established by performing mechanical tests. [366,368] The analysis of the durability of components from EEE, such as PWBs frames, welds, and screens using such tests can determine the parts that will exhibit a longer lifespan to be used on a large scale in enhanced durability EEE. [366] In the case of energy-intensive products, such as refrigerators and washers, energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions during their life cycle must be considered, which makes the relationship between durability and eco-friendly products more complex.…”

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eco‐friendly Electronic Products For Resource Efficiency (Fi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The durability of any good is related to the lifetime that the product may perform the function for which it was designed, up to a time limit after which it will start to fail, requiring repair or replacement. [365][366][367][368] Increasing the durability of a product has been discussed within the context of resource efficiency, since, in principle, it can benefit the reduction in the volume of waste generated and avoid the depletion of natural resources. However, this is not an obvious relation.…”

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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these two phenomena and it is now understood that EEE are both part of the environmental cure and the environmental disease: while the increasing production and disposal of EEE have harmful consequences to the planet, [1] the use of EEE can assist in saving energy and natural resources. The research concerning ecofriendly electronics increased greatly in recent decades due to environmental legislations becoming increasingly rigorous and because of the increase in eco-friendly sought devices, which required business models to adapt in order to participate in this new market share. The concepts of eco-friendly electronics or green electronics comprehends several dimensions of this electronic-environment relationship and has been used loosely for a myriad of initiatives. Hu and Ismail [2] explain that the concept may be used to refer to the i) manufacturing process, through the employment of environmentally friendly processes and the avoidance of hazardous components or chemicals; ii) waste generation (avoidance), via reducing the e-waste impacts through the use of cleaner materials, longer product life, introducing programs to raise awareness and promote reuse/recycling; iii) use of sustainable practice (green computing), through the responsible use of computer resources, for example, by powering down and up devices according to need, reducing energy consumption during inactivity; iv) design, through the development of more efficient components that required less energy to perform, reduce carbon emissions, produce less heat, etc. Yet eco-friendly electronics can also refer to electronics whose purpose is to assist the environment or that do so as a consequence of its main function. Both these groups may be understood as an overlap between the aforementioned categories, and are equipment that optimize energy usage, minimize carbon footprint, detect pollutant concentration, monitor oil spillage, generate renewable energy, etc. There are many and diverse examples of these, such as power electronics, smart grids, and photovoltaic systems. [3] This review is intended to discuss these interactions, define important concepts, and provide an extensive list of ways in which EEE can be eco-friendly, primarily focusing on information and communication technology (ICT) devices, but also addressing items that fall outside of this category such as washing machines and lighting equipment. Initially, the use of electronics in aiding with energy and pollution related Eco-friendliness is becoming an indispensable feature for electrical and electronic equipment to thrive in the competitive market. This comprehensive review is the first to define eco-friendly electronics in its multiple meanings: power saving devices, end-of-life impact attenuators, equipment whose manufacturing uses green processing, electronics that use materials that minimize environmental and health risks, designs that improve lifespan, reparability, etc. More specifically, this review discusses eco-friendly technologies and materials that are being introduced to ...

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Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eco‐friendly Electronic Products For Resource Efficiency (Fi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Future studies should thus shed light on the impact of product lifetime labelling on secondary markets. Last, in order to ensure the feasibility of product lifetime labelling, further research on standardised durability tests (Stamminger et al, 2018(Stamminger et al, , 2020 needs to be carried out.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of product lifetime labelling for purchase decisions: Strategic implications for corporate sustainability based on a conjoint analysis in Germany

Jacobs

Hörisch

2021

Bus Strat Env

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This article studies the influence of product lifetime labelling on purchase decisions. Based on consumer theory of Lancaster, experimental survey data are collected from a population representative sample of 499 German consumers, using choice‐based conjoint analysis. Hierarchical Bayes utility modelling suggests a substantial positive effect of product lifetime labelling on purchase decisions. However, the effect is not linear but decreasing with higher levels of product lifetime. The relative importance of the product lifetime label is found to be higher than that of the product's energy consumption or brand. Additionally, we show that the introduction of product lifetime labelling renders the positive influence of existing brands on purchase decisions less impactful. Therefore, strategic implications for companies differ substantially, depending on companies' current brand‐building. Besides implications for business strategy, the study informs marketers and policymakers about the potential of product lifetime labelling to stimulate the supply of, and demand for, more durable products.

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“…With using the improved general combined-oriented CCR model, Li et al conducted empirical assessment of technical innovation efficiency, pure technical innovation and scale efficiency for China’s major car producers [ 9 ]. Wu et al studied how the technological capabilities (measured by R&D expenditure) of NEV companies affect their eco-innovation performance (measured by eco-innovation patents) [ 10 ]. From the perspective of regional research, Xu et al used the stochastic frontier model to analyze the innovation efficiency of China’s NEVs and its influencing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the spatial association network structure for innovation efficiency of China’s new energy vehicle industry and its influencing factors

Zhang

Zhong

2021

PLoS ONE

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It is of great significance to study the spatial network of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry innovation efficiency and its factors to promote the rational allocation of innovative resources and the coordinated development of Chinese NEV industry. First, the Super Efficiency Data Envelope Analysis model is used to measure innovation efficiency in the NEV industry in Chinese provinces, and based on the results, the improved gravity model is applied to construct a spatial correlation network. Then, by applying social network analysis (SNA) to study NEV industry development node spatial correlations, we conclude that there is no overall hierarchical structure. The SNA are applied to examine spatial correlations with respect to NEV industry innovation efficiency in each province, and to analyze the role and position of each province in the spatial correlation network. Finally, the influencing factors of spatial correlation of the innovation efficiency of China’s NEV industry has been discussed. The result shows that the difference in spatial distance and R&D investment has a significant impact on the spatial correlation of the NEV industry.

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Durability of washing machines under real life conditions: Definition and application of a testing procedure

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

The importance of product lifetime labelling for purchase decisions: Strategic implications for corporate sustainability based on a conjoint analysis in Germany

Research on the spatial association network structure for innovation efficiency of China’s new energy vehicle industry and its influencing factors

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